Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Adv Mater. 2020 Apr;32(13):e1902004. doi: 10.1002/adma.201902004. Epub 2019 Aug 18.
Type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes treatment involves daily injections or continuous infusion of exogenous insulin aimed at regulating blood glucose levels in the normoglycemic range. However, current options for insulin therapy are limited by the risk of hypoglycemia and are associated with suboptimal glycemic control outcomes. Therefore, a range of glucose-responsive components that can undergo changes in conformation or show alterations in intermolecular binding capability in response to glucose stimulation has been studied for ultimate integration into closed-loop insulin delivery or "smart insulin" systems. Here, an overview of the evolution and recent progress in the development of molecular approaches for glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems, a rapidly growing subfield of precision medicine, is presented. Three central glucose-responsive moieties, including glucose oxidase, phenylboronic acid, and glucose-binding molecules are examined in detail. Future opportunities and challenges regarding translation are also discussed.
1 型和 2 型糖尿病的高级治疗涉及每天注射或连续输注外源性胰岛素，以将血糖水平调节到正常范围内。然而，目前胰岛素治疗的选择受到低血糖的风险限制，并且与血糖控制结果不理想有关。因此，人们研究了一系列葡萄糖响应成分，这些成分可以在构象上发生变化，或者在分子间结合能力上表现出对葡萄糖刺激的改变，最终整合到闭环胰岛素输送或“智能胰岛素”系统中。在此，介绍了葡萄糖响应胰岛素输送系统分子方法的发展演变和最新进展，这是精准医学的一个快速发展的子领域。详细研究了三种核心的葡萄糖响应模块，包括葡萄糖氧化酶、苯硼酸和葡萄糖结合分子。还讨论了转化方面的未来机遇和挑战。
