NEUROFARBA Department - Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy.
Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
J Neuropsychol. 2020 Jun;14(2):318-332. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12193. Epub 2019 Aug 18.
Impulse control disorders (ICDs), including compulsive gambling, buying, sexual behaviour and eating, are not only a severe disorder that can affect the general, non-clinical population, but also a serious, increasingly recognized psychiatric complication in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous research detected some risk factors for their occurrence in PD patients and in the general population, including impulsivity. However, impulsivity is a multidimensional construct that comprises several aspects, including reflection impulsivity and delay discounting. The present work assessed different facets of impulsivity in both PD patients and in the healthy controls (HCs) to examine whether they scored differently, and if the occurrence of ICDs in PD patients and in the HCs was predicted by different aspects of impulsivity. The results showed that ICDs in PD patients were predicted by a strong preference for immediate rewards, whereas ICDs in the HCs were predicted by a deficient reflective ability. The present findings may help clinicians in the early identification of PD patients who could develop ICDs by simply assessing their impulsivity in terms of delay discounting. Furthermore, this work contributed to identify another risk factor for ICDs in the non-clinical population.
冲动控制障碍（ICD），包括强迫性赌博、购物、性行为和饮食，不仅是一种严重的障碍，会影响普通非临床人群，也是帕金森病（PD）中一种严重且日益被认识到的精神并发症。先前的研究在 PD 患者和普通人群中发现了一些发生 ICD 的风险因素，包括冲动性。然而，冲动性是一个多维度的结构，包括反射冲动性和延迟折扣。本研究评估了 PD 患者和健康对照组（HCs）中冲动性的不同方面，以检查他们是否存在差异，以及 PD 患者和 HCs 中 ICD 的发生是否由冲动性的不同方面预测。结果表明，PD 患者的 ICD 由对即时奖励的强烈偏好预测，而 HCs 的 ICD 由反射能力不足预测。本研究结果可能有助于临床医生通过简单地评估 PD 患者在延迟折扣方面的冲动性来早期识别可能发展为 ICD 的患者。此外，这项工作为非临床人群中 ICD 的另一个风险因素提供了依据。
