Andrade Olyn A., Zafar Gondal Anoosh
American University of Antigua College of Medicine
Rawal Institute of Health Sciences
Physostigmine is a tertiary amine and a reversible cholinergic medication that was most commonly used to manage and treat antimuscarinic toxicity and glaucoma. It is no longer available. Physostigmine originates from the Calabar bean, widely found in the African tropics, and is a highly toxic parasympathomimetic alkaloid. Although small in size, its lethality was first discovered by Sir Robert Christison in 1855. A few decades later, in 1863, Sir Thomas Richard Fraser wrote his thesis on the medicinal uses of physostigmine. Josef Pikl and Percy Lavon Julian synthesized physostigmine for the first time in 1935. From 1863 to this day, extensive research has been performed on the applications of physostigmine, examining its use in treating glaucoma to its use in the treatment of septic shock.
毒扁豆碱是一种叔胺类可逆性胆碱能药物，曾最常用于管理和治疗抗毒蕈碱中毒及青光眼。它现已不再使用。毒扁豆碱源自广泛分布于非洲热带地区的毒扁豆，是一种剧毒的拟副交感神经生物碱。尽管其体积小，但其致命性于1855年被罗伯特·克里斯蒂森爵士首次发现。几十年后的1863年，托马斯·理查德·弗雷泽爵士撰写了关于毒扁豆碱药用价值的论文。1935年，约瑟夫·皮克尔和珀西·拉冯·朱利安首次合成了毒扁豆碱。从1863年至今，人们对毒扁豆碱的应用进行了广泛研究，考察了其从用于治疗青光眼到用于治疗感染性休克等方面的用途。
