[马驹腹部器官和结构的超声断层扫描]

[Sonographic topography of abdominal organs and structures in equine neonates].

作者信息

Nieth Jennifer, Wehrend Axel

机构信息

Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere mit tierärztlicher Ambulanz, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.

出版信息

Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere. 2019 Aug;47(4):230-243. doi: 10.1055/a-0959-1961. Epub 2019 Aug 21.

DOI:10.1055/a-0959-1961

PMID:31434116

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to present a systematic and standardized examination for neonatal foals' abdominal sonography and to describe physiological topographic conditions of some abdominal organs and structures.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A standardized sonographic examination of the abdomen was performed in 57 foals in left and right lateral recumbency. Left and right intercostal spaces as well as the ventral abdomen which was divided into 6 segments (left, middle and right cranial, left middle and right caudal abdomen) were examined. The locations, in which the various organs could be found, were described. Furthermore death foals were examined sonographically followed by a necropsy to verify the organs' topography.

RESULTS

A standardized systematic examination for abdominal ultrasonography in neonatal foals could be developed and the extension of some abdominal organs could be described. The umbilical vein is localized in the middle cranial segment, the urachus in the middle caudal segment. The umbilical arteries start in the middle caudal segment und spread into the left and right one. The bladder is constantly found in the caudal aspect of the abdomen and extents, depending on its filling, in the middle or in the left and right segments as well. The right kidney is located in the 15th to 17th intercostal space (ICS), the left kidney in the 16th and 17th ICS. The spleen can be visualized in the left 10th to 16th ICS and often in the left cranial abdominal segment. The liver is found in the middle and right cranial segment and the right 16th to 17th ICS and in the left 7th ICS. The stomach is located in the left and middle cranial segment and in the left 9th to 11th ICS, the duodenum constantly in the right 12th ICS. The jejunum can be found in the left caudal and the middle abdominal segments. Caecum is in the right 15th ICS to the fossa paralumbalis and the colon in both right segments and the middle caudal one.

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

By examining the neonatal foals' abdomen in a systematic ultrasonographic way the most important abdominal organs can be visualized.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在对新生马驹进行系统、标准化的腹部超声检查，并描述一些腹部器官和结构的生理地形学状况。

材料与方法

对57匹处于左侧和右侧卧位的马驹进行标准化的腹部超声检查。检查左侧和右侧肋间间隙以及分为6个节段（左、中、右颅侧，左、中、右尾侧腹部）的腹侧腹部。描述了可发现各种器官的位置。此外，对死亡马驹进行超声检查，随后进行尸检以核实器官的地形学。

结果

可以开发出针对新生马驹腹部超声检查的标准化系统检查方法，并描述一些腹部器官的范围。脐静脉位于颅侧中间节段，脐尿管位于尾侧中间节段。脐动脉起始于尾侧中间节段，并向左右两侧延伸。膀胱始终位于腹部的尾侧，根据其充盈程度，也可延伸至中间或左右节段。右肾位于第15至17肋间间隙（ICS），左肾位于第16和17 ICS。脾脏可在左侧第10至16 ICS看到，且常在左侧颅侧腹部节段。肝脏位于颅侧中间和右侧节段、右侧第16至17 ICS以及左侧第7 ICS。胃位于颅侧左侧和中间节段以及左侧第9至11 ICS，十二指肠始终位于右侧第12 ICS。空肠可在左侧尾侧和中间腹部节段找到。盲肠位于右侧第15 ICS至腰旁窝，结肠位于右侧两个节段和尾侧中间节段。