Department of Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Department of Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran.
J Biosoc Sci. 2020 May;52(3):400-411. doi: 10.1017/S002193201900052X. Epub 2019 Aug 22.
Little is known about intimate partner abuse (IPA) among couples during pregnancy in Iran. This study aimed to compare the rates of IPA by pregnant women towards their husbands (perpetration), and women's experience of IPA from their husbands (victimization) and determine the predictors of the two behaviours. The cross-sectional study was conducted on 525 pregnant women at 24-30 weeks of gestation visiting governmental health care centres/posts in Tabriz, Iran, in 2014. The study sample was selected using random cluster sampling. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) was used to assess IPA perpetration and victimization. The McNemar test was employed to compare the prevalences of IPA perpetration and victimization, and adjusted logistic regression was utilized to determine the socio-demographic predictors of overall IPA perpetration and victimization. The overall rates of women's reported abuse of their husbands (perpetration) and women's experience of abuse from their husbands (victimization) were 70% and 67%, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.086). The prevalence of psychological aggression perpetrated by women towards their husbands was significantly higher than that experienced by the women from their husbands (65% vs 58%, p<0.001). The prevalences of sexual coercion (15% vs 30%) and injury (8% vs 16%) perpetrated by women on their husbands were significantly lower those they experienced by the women from their husbands (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of perpetration of physical violence towards husbands by women (19%) and that experienced by women from their husbands (22%) (p=0.072). Women's and husbands' satisfaction with their own occupations were predictors of both perpetration and victimization of IPA. The observed high rates of IPA perpetration by, women and victimization of, women during pregnancy, and the significantly higher rate of violence towards women compared with that perpetrated by women, especially for sexual coercion and injury, require health policymakers and care providers to make serious efforts to identify such violence, and take appropriate measures to reduce it, during pregnancy in women in Iran.
关于伊朗孕妇与伴侣之间的亲密伴侣虐待（IPA），目前知之甚少。本研究旨在比较孕妇对丈夫实施 IPA 的比率（施暴），以及女性遭受丈夫 IPA 的比率（受害），并确定这两种行为的预测因素。这是一项横断面研究，于 2014 年在伊朗大不里士的政府医疗保健中心/岗位，对 525 名怀孕 24-30 周的孕妇进行了调查。研究样本采用随机聚类抽样法选取。采用修订后的冲突策略量表（CTS2）评估 IPA 的施暴和受害情况。采用 McNemar 检验比较 IPA 施暴和受害的流行率，采用调整后的逻辑回归分析确定 IPA 整体施暴和受害的社会人口学预测因素。报告的女性虐待丈夫（施暴）和女性遭受丈夫虐待（受害）的总体比率分别为 70%和 67%，但差异无统计学意义（p=0.086）。女性对丈夫实施的心理攻击的流行率明显高于女性遭受的来自丈夫的心理攻击（65%比 58%，p<0.001）。女性对丈夫实施的性胁迫（15%比 30%）和伤害（8%比 16%）的流行率明显低于女性遭受的来自丈夫的性胁迫和伤害（p<0.001）。女性对丈夫实施身体暴力的流行率（19%）与女性遭受丈夫的身体暴力的流行率（22%）之间无统计学差异（p=0.072）。妇女和丈夫对自己职业的满意度是 IPA 施暴和受害的预测因素。在伊朗，孕妇中 IPA 施暴和受害的高发生率，以及女性遭受的暴力比女性实施的暴力更严重，尤其是性胁迫和伤害，这需要卫生政策制定者和医护人员认真努力，在伊朗孕妇怀孕期间识别这种暴力，并采取适当措施加以减少。
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