Martin Sandra L, Beaumont Jennifer L, Kupper Lawrence L
Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7445, USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2003 Aug;29(3):599-617. doi: 10.1081/ada-120023461.
Although some research has found links between women's experiences of intimate partner violence and their use of substances, little research has examined how this potential relationship changes when women become pregnant. Furthermore, most of the past research examining women's experiences of intimate partner violence and their use of substances has focused on only one type of violence, typically, physical assault. Thus less is known concerning how other important forms of violence, such as psychological aggression and sexual coercion, may be related to women's substance use and substance abuse disorders. This research studies 85 prenatal care patients to describe the women's use of alcohol and illicit drugs, both before and during pregnancy, in relation to their experiences of various types of intimate partner violence before and during pregnancy (including psychological aggression, physical abuse, and sexual coercion). The Conflict Tactics Scales 2 was used to assess the women's experiences of intimate partner violence. The women were asked about their frequency of alcohol use, and alcohol using women were administered a short version of the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test to assess the women for symptoms of alcohol disorder. The women's use of illicit drugs was assessed by asking the women about their frequencies of various types of drug use and drug using women were administered the Drug Abuse Screening Test to assess the women for symptoms of drug disorder. The results showed that before pregnancy, women who were physically assaulted by their partners were somewhat more likely to drink alcohol and use illicit drugs compared with women who did not experience such violence, even though these differences did not reach the traditional level of statistical significance; however, among the substance using women, those who experienced each type of violence were more likely to be frequent users of substances compared with the non-victims, and they evidenced a greater number of substance disorder symptoms compared with the non-victims. After the women became pregnant, the links between women's experiences of intimate partner violence and their use of substances became stronger, with the women who experienced each type of partner violence being more likely to use both alcohol and illicit drugs. Furthermore, among the substance-using women, those who were psychologically and physically abused had somewhat elevated levels of substance disorder symptoms during pregnancy compared with women who did not suffer such victimization. These findings underscore the importance of providing routine screening for various types of violent victimization and substance use within the context of many types of women's health care settings, including substance abuse treatment programs, domestic violence programs, and prenatal care services.
尽管一些研究发现女性亲密伴侣暴力经历与她们使用药物之间存在联系，但很少有研究探讨当女性怀孕时这种潜在关系会如何变化。此外，过去大多数研究女性亲密伴侣暴力经历及其药物使用情况的研究仅关注一种暴力类型，通常是身体攻击。因此，对于其他重要的暴力形式，如心理攻击和性胁迫，与女性药物使用及药物滥用障碍之间的关系，我们了解得较少。本研究对85名产前护理患者进行了研究，以描述这些女性在怀孕前和怀孕期间酒精及非法药物的使用情况，以及她们在怀孕前和怀孕期间经历的各种类型亲密伴侣暴力（包括心理攻击、身体虐待和性胁迫）情况。使用冲突策略量表2来评估女性的亲密伴侣暴力经历。询问了这些女性饮酒的频率，对于饮酒的女性，采用密歇根酒精筛查测试的简短版本来评估她们是否有酒精障碍症状。通过询问这些女性各种类型药物使用的频率来评估她们非法药物的使用情况，对于使用药物的女性，采用药物滥用筛查测试来评估她们是否有药物障碍症状。结果显示，在怀孕前，与未经历此类暴力的女性相比，遭受伴侣身体攻击的女性饮酒和使用非法药物的可能性略高，尽管这些差异未达到传统的统计学显著水平；然而，在使用药物的女性中，与未遭受暴力的女性相比，经历每种暴力类型的女性更有可能频繁使用药物，并且她们表现出的药物障碍症状比未遭受暴力的女性更多。女性怀孕后，亲密伴侣暴力经历与她们药物使用之间的联系变得更强，经历每种伴侣暴力类型的女性更有可能同时使用酒精和非法药物。此外，在使用药物的女性中，与未遭受此类伤害的女性相比，遭受心理和身体虐待的女性在怀孕期间药物障碍症状水平有所升高。这些发现强调了在多种女性医疗保健环境中，包括药物滥用治疗项目、家庭暴力项目和产前护理服务中，对各种类型的暴力受害情况和药物使用进行常规筛查的重要性。
