The First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
Endocr J. 2019 Oct 28;66(10):843-852. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ19-0234. Epub 2019 Aug 20.
Various thyroid diseases are associated with autoimmunity. Major autoimmune thyroid diseases are Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Thyrotropin receptor is an autoantigen in GD, and its immunogenicity has been examined. Immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is recently widely used for treatment of malignant tumors, but cases of thyroid diseases during ICI treatment have been increasing. Thyroid diseases during ICI therapy have been investigated in immunological and clinical aspects, and their Japanese official diagnostic guidelines were established. In addition, serum and tissue immunoglobulin-G4 levels have been examined in association with clinicopathological characteristics in GD, HT, and Riedel's thyroiditis. We review these diseases associated with thyroid autoimmunity and comprehensively discuss their potential application in future research and therapeutic options.
各种甲状腺疾病都与自身免疫有关。主要的自身免疫性甲状腺疾病有格雷夫斯病（GD）和桥本甲状腺炎（HT）。促甲状腺素受体是 GD 中的一种自身抗原，其免疫原性已被研究。免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）最近被广泛用于治疗恶性肿瘤，但在 ICI 治疗期间甲状腺疾病的病例越来越多。ICI 治疗期间的甲状腺疾病在免疫学和临床方面进行了研究，并制定了其日本官方诊断指南。此外，还对 GD、HT 和 Riedel 甲状腺炎中的血清和组织免疫球蛋白-G4 水平与临床病理特征进行了检查。我们综述了与甲状腺自身免疫相关的这些疾病，并全面讨论了它们在未来研究和治疗选择中的潜在应用。
