Jiang Yu-Cui, Ye Fan, DU Ying, Tang Zong-Xiang
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2019 Aug 25;71(4):645-656.
Mast cells are widely distributed in various parts of the body, especially in the mucosal surface between the body and the external environment. Mast cell is one of the important immune cells and plays important roles in innate immunity, adaptive immunity and immune regulation. Previous researches have shown that excessive activation of mast cells is closely related to the development of allergic and inflammatory diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, acute and chronic itching. Mast cells infiltrate into the inflammation site and release various allergic mediators during the occurrence and development of these diseases. Therefore, termination of mast cell activation can be one of the effective methods for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases, and receptors related to mast cell activation are potential targets for the development of anti-allergic drugs. There are many receptors related to mast cell activation, and the effects mediated by different receptors varied from each other. In the recent years, new mast cell receptors are being discovered, but there are not many literatures discussing the possible functions of these newly discovered receptors. This review aims to summarize the receptors involved in mast cell activation and classify related receptors according to their effects.
肥大细胞广泛分布于身体各处，尤其在机体与外部环境之间的黏膜表面。肥大细胞是重要的免疫细胞之一，在固有免疫、适应性免疫和免疫调节中发挥重要作用。以往研究表明，肥大细胞的过度活化与哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、食物过敏、急慢性瘙痒等过敏性和炎性疾病的发生密切相关。在这些疾病的发生发展过程中，肥大细胞浸润至炎症部位并释放多种过敏介质。因此，终止肥大细胞活化可能是治疗过敏性和炎性疾病的有效方法之一，与肥大细胞活化相关的受体是开发抗过敏药物的潜在靶点。与肥大细胞活化相关的受体众多，不同受体介导的效应各不相同。近年来，新的肥大细胞受体不断被发现，但讨论这些新发现受体可能功能的文献并不多。本综述旨在总结参与肥大细胞活化的受体，并根据其效应对相关受体进行分类。
