Department of Research and Evaluation, YMCA of Metro Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Health Promotion and Physical Education, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.
Psychol Health Med. 2020 Jun;25(5):601-612. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2019.1658882. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
Demands of a university semester and approaching final academic examinations could induce increased anxiety and fatigue, which might prompt deteriorations in health behaviors. Female undergraduate nursing and health promotion students ( = 23.8 years) with overweight/obesity ( = 30) and without overweight/obesity ( = 62) completed validated measures just prior to final exams, and after recalling behaviors and perceptions at semester start. There were significant increases in tension, fatigue, anxiety-related emotional eating, and sweets; and significant decreases in eating- and exercise-related self-regulation, fruit/vegetable intake, and physical activity. Overweight/obese participants had significantly more reductions in self-regulation, and increases in sweets. Self-regulation significantly mediated relationships between changes in tension and the consumption of both fruits/vegetables and sweets, and change in anxiety-related emotional eating was not a significant moderator of the mood-behavior change relationships. Change in self-regulation significantly mediated the relationship between increase in fatigue and reduction in physical activity. Changes in fruit/vegetable intake, sweets consumption, and physical activity significantly predicted weight change during the semester when participants' initial BMI was entered into the regression equation. Results suggested that the mood-related changes in fruit/vegetable intake, sweets consumption, and physical activity were largely changes in participants' self-regulatory processes. Possible interventions were suggested.
大学学期的要求和临近的期末学术考试可能会导致焦虑和疲劳增加，这可能会导致健康行为恶化。超重/肥胖的（= 30）和非超重/肥胖的（= 62）护理和健康促进专业的女大学生在期末考试前和回忆学期开始时的行为和感知后，完成了经过验证的测量。紧张、疲劳、与焦虑相关的情绪性进食和甜食的摄入量显著增加；而与饮食和运动相关的自我调节、水果/蔬菜摄入量和身体活动显著减少。超重/肥胖的参与者在自我调节方面的减少更为明显，而甜食的摄入量则有所增加。自我调节显著介导了紧张程度变化与水果/蔬菜和甜食摄入量变化之间的关系，而与焦虑相关的情绪性进食变化并不是情绪-行为变化关系的显著调节因素。自我调节的变化显著介导了疲劳增加与体力活动减少之间的关系。当将参与者的初始 BMI 纳入回归方程时，水果/蔬菜摄入量、甜食摄入量和体力活动的变化显著预测了学期内的体重变化。结果表明，与情绪相关的水果/蔬菜摄入量、甜食摄入量和体力活动的变化在很大程度上是参与者自我调节过程的变化。提出了可能的干预措施。
