Kashikar Tanisha S, Kerwin Thomas F, Moberly Aaron C, Wiet Gregory J
Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine Athens Ohio U.S.A.
Office of Research The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio U.S.A.
Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2019 Jun 7;4(4):420-424. doi: 10.1002/lio2.277. eCollection 2019 Aug.
Temporal bone surgery is a technically challenging and high-risk procedure in an anatomically complex area. Safe temporal bone surgery emphasizes a consummate anatomic understanding and technique development that requires the guidance of an experienced otologic surgeon and years of practice. Temporal bone simulation can augment otologic surgical training and enable rehearsal of surgical procedures.
The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of temporal bone simulation platforms and their uses.
PubMed literature search. Search terms included temporal bone, temporal bone simulation, virtual reality (VR), and presurgical planning and rehearsal.
Various simulation platforms such as cadaveric bone, three-dimensional (3D) printed models, and VR simulation have been used for temporal bone surgery training. However, each simulation method has its drawbacks. There is a need to improve upon current simulation platforms to enhance surgical training and skills assessment, as well as a need to explore other clinically significant applications of simulation, such as preoperative planning and rehearsal, in otologic surgery.
There is no replacement for actual surgical experience, but high-fidelity temporal bone models such as those produced with 3D printing and computer simulation have emerged as promising tools in otolaryngologic surgery. Improvements in the fidelity of both 3D printed and VR simulators as well as integration of a standardized assessment format would allow for an expansion in the use of these simulation platforms in training and assessment.
颞骨手术是在解剖结构复杂区域进行的一项技术要求高且风险大的手术。安全的颞骨手术强调对解剖结构的透彻理解和技术发展，这需要经验丰富的耳科外科医生的指导以及多年的实践。颞骨模拟可以增强耳科手术培训并实现手术操作的预演。
本文旨在对颞骨模拟平台及其应用进行最新综述。
PubMed文献检索。检索词包括颞骨、颞骨模拟、虚拟现实（VR）以及术前规划和预演。
各种模拟平台，如尸体骨、三维（3D）打印模型和VR模拟，已被用于颞骨手术培训。然而，每种模拟方法都有其缺点。需要改进当前的模拟平台以加强手术培训和技能评估，同时也需要探索模拟在耳科手术中的其他具有临床意义的应用，如术前规划和预演。
实际手术经验无可替代，但诸如3D打印和计算机模拟生成的高保真颞骨模型已成为耳鼻喉科手术中有前景的工具。提高3D打印和VR模拟器的逼真度以及整合标准化评估形式将有助于扩大这些模拟平台在培训和评估中的应用。
5级。
