Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Center for Environmental Engineering Assessment, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161005, China.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Nov;254(Pt B):113046. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113046. Epub 2019 Aug 14.
Parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAHs) in the ambient air of the coastal cities near the Bohai and Yellow Seas were measured over a full year. The range and geometric average of total PPAH (29 species) were 5.16-1.22 × 10 and 118 ng/m, respectively, with 77 ± 14% in a gaseous phase. The 16 priority components accounted for 90 ± 4% of the total mass concentration. The incremental life cancer risk (ILCR) via inhalation exposure to the PPAHs (3.17 × 10) was underestimated by 80%, as only the priority PPAHs were considered. The air concentrations of PPAHs in the Bohai Sea area were generally higher (p < 0.01) than those in the Yellow Sea area. A significant increase (p < 0.01) in the levels of PPAHs and large fractions of high molecular weight (HMW) components were observed in winter. Absorption by particulate organic carbon dominated in gas-particle partitioning of the PPAHs, and the seasonal variations in gas-particle partitioning of the low and moderate molecular weight compounds were more noticeable relative to the HMW species. In summer, significantly higher concentrations of PPAHs were found in the daytime than during nighttime, while the opposite case occurred in winter (p < 0.05). The positive matrix factorization (PMF) results indicated greater contributions of coal and biomass combustion to the PPAH emissions in the coastal cities of the Bohai Sea area compared with the Yellow Sea area. The burning of coal and biomass served as the main source of PPAHs in winter, while traffic exhaust was the dominant source in other seasons. The potential source contribution function (PSCF) revealed the important impacts of the external inputs on the local PPAHs via air mass transport. The contributions of the resolved emission sources to the ILCR were clearly different from those of the mass concentrations, indicating the necessity for source-oriented risk assessments.
对渤海和黄海沿海城市环境空气中的双亲多环芳烃（PPAHs）进行了为期一年的全面测量。总 PPAH（29 种）的范围和几何平均值分别为 5.16-1.22×10 和 118ng/m，其中 77±14%处于气相。16 种优先成分占总质量浓度的 90±4%。由于仅考虑了优先 PPAHs，通过吸入 PPAHs 暴露导致的增量终生癌症风险（ILCR）被低估了 80%。渤海地区 PPAHs 的空气浓度普遍较高（p<0.01），而黄海地区则较低。冬季 PPAHs 水平和高分子量（HMW）成分的较大部分显著增加（p<0.01）。PPAHs 的气-粒分配中，颗粒有机碳的吸收占主导地位，与 HMW 物质相比，低分子量和中等分子量化合物的气-粒分配的季节性变化更为明显。夏季，白天 PPAHs 的浓度明显高于夜间，而冬季则相反（p<0.05）。正定矩阵因子（PMF）结果表明，与黄海地区相比，渤海沿海城市的 PPAH 排放中，煤炭和生物质燃烧的贡献更大。冬季，煤炭和生物质燃烧是 PPAHs 的主要来源，而其他季节则以交通尾气排放为主。潜在源贡献函数（PSCF）揭示了通过空气团传输，外部输入对当地 PPAHs 的重要影响。解析排放源对 ILCR 的贡献与质量浓度明显不同，表明需要进行面向源的风险评估。
