Patterns of pontine strokes mimicking Bell's palsy.

BACKGROUND

Peripheral-type facial palsy very rarely arises from pontine stroke. We attempted to identify unique clinico-radiologic patterns associated with this condition.

CASE PRESENTATION

Patients with pontine tegmentum stroke and acute onset of peripheral-type facial weakness were reviewed from the acute stroke registry of a tertiary hospital. The clinico-radiologic patterns of 10 patients were classified into one of three types based on the respective stroke mechanism. Type A (n = 5) was characterized by relatively diverse clinical presentations and larger, multiple infarctions resulting from large-artery atherosclerosis. Three cases with small lacunar infarcts were classified to type B (small vessel occlusion), and they showed only limited symptoms including horizontal gaze disturbance and facial paralysis. The two hemorrhagic cases (type C) presented with a focal pontine hemorrhage, likely due to a cavernous hemangioma.

CONCLUSIONS

Peripheral-type facial palsy often occurs in pontine stroke with specific patterns. Type recognition helps to determine the underlying mechanism and the appropriate clinical approach. In particular, focal pontine tegmental infarctions showing stereotypic combinations of ophthalmoplegia and peripheral-type facial weakness (type B) might be recognized as a new type of lacunar syndrome.