Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10,, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy.
World J Urol. 2020 Apr;38(4):869-881. doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-02922-4. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
Despite the current era of precision surgery in robotics, an unmet need still remains for optimal surgical planning and navigation for most genitourinary diseases. 3D virtual reconstruction of 2D cross-sectional imaging has been increasingly adopted to help surgeons better understand the surgical anatomy.
To provide a short overview of the most recent evidence on current applications of 3D imaging in robotic urologic surgery.
A non-systematic review of the literature was performed. Medline, PubMed, the Cochrane Database and Embase were screened for studies regarding the use of 3D models in robotic urology.
3D reconstruction technology creates 3D virtual and printed models that first appeared in urology to aid surgical planning and intraoperative navigation, especially in the treatment of oncological diseases of the prostate and kidneys. The latest revolution in the field involves models overlapping onto the real anatomy and performing augmented reality procedures.
3D virtual/printing technology has entered daily practice in some tertiary centres, especially for the management of urological tumours. The 3D models can be virtual or printed, and can help the surgeon in surgical planning, physician education and training, and patient counselling. Moreover, integration of robotic platforms with the 3D models and the possibility of performing augmented reality surgeries increase the surgeon's confidence with the pathology, with potential benefits in precision and tailoring of the procedures.
尽管当前机器人手术已经进入精准时代，但大多数泌尿生殖系统疾病的手术规划和导航仍存在未满足的需求。二维断层成像的三维虚拟重建已越来越多地被用于帮助外科医生更好地理解手术解剖结构。
简要概述三维成像在机器人泌尿外科手术中最新应用的现有证据。
对文献进行了非系统性综述。在 Medline、PubMed、Cochrane 数据库和 Embase 中对有关机器人泌尿外科中使用 3D 模型的研究进行了筛选。
3D 重建技术创建了 3D 虚拟和打印模型，这些模型最初出现在泌尿外科中，以辅助手术规划和术中导航，特别是在治疗前列腺和肾脏的肿瘤性疾病方面。该领域的最新进展涉及模型与真实解剖结构重叠并执行增强现实手术。
3D 虚拟/打印技术已在一些三级中心进入日常实践，尤其是在处理泌尿外科肿瘤方面。3D 模型可以是虚拟的，也可以是打印的，可以帮助外科医生进行手术规划、医生教育和培训以及患者咨询。此外，机器人平台与 3D 模型的集成以及执行增强现实手术的可能性增加了外科医生对病变的信心，有可能提高手术的精确性和针对性。
