Activity-Based Training Reverses Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Changes in Kidney Receptor Densities and Membrane Proteins.

Complications in upper and lower urinary function arise after spinal cord injury (SCI), which creates a significant impact on quality of life for those affected. One upper urinary complication is SCI-induced polyuria, or the overproduction of urine, of which the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Activity-based training (ABT) has been utilized in both animal and clinical settings as a rehabilitative therapy to improve many issues that arise after SCI, including more recently urogenital function. The goal of the current study was to identify potential mechanisms contributing to previously identified improvements in polyuria with ABT, using a male rat moderate-severe spinal contusion model. Although ABT had no significant effect on reversing injury-induced alterations of serum arginine vasopressin and urinary atrial natriuretic peptide levels, there was a dramatic effect upon the receptors of these fluid balance hormones (vasopressin receptor 2 and natriuretic peptide A receptor), as well as kidney aquaporin 2 and sodium channels. ABT changes in densities of key receptors and kidney membrane proteins involved in fluid balance after chronic SCI support the likelihood of multiple mechanisms through which exercise can positively influence urinary tract function after SCI. By understanding the mechanisms, amount, and timing regarding how ABT improves different aspects of urinary function, more targeted training strategies can be developed to optimize the functional gains within the SCI population.