Longobardi Emiddia, Spataro Pietro, Rossi-Arnaud Clelia
Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome , Italy.
Department of Economy, Universitas Mercatorum , Rome , Italy.
J Genet Psychol. 2019 Nov-Dec;180(6):266-279. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2019.1653817. Epub 2019 Aug 28.
The authors examined the contributions of empathic concern, perspective taking, theory of mind (ToM), and receptive language to prosocial behavior in a sample of primary school children between 8 and 11 years old. Results showed that empathic concern, perspective taking, and ToM had direct positive effects on prosocial behavior. Girls exhibited higher levels of empathic concern and prosocial behavior; furthermore, gender moderated the observed associations, as perspective taking and ToM were positively and significantly associated with prosocial behavior in boys but not in girls. Last, two indirect paths were detected: empathic concern partially mediated the relation between perspective taking and prosocial behavior, and receptive language had an indirect effect on prosocial behavior by increasing ToM ability. Implications for understanding the impact of the four social-cognitive skills on children's prosocial development are discussed.
作者们在一个8至11岁的小学生样本中，研究了共情关注、观点采择、心理理论（ToM）和接受性语言对亲社会行为的影响。结果表明，共情关注、观点采择和心理理论对亲社会行为有直接的积极影响。女孩表现出更高水平的共情关注和亲社会行为；此外，性别调节了观察到的关联，因为观点采择和心理理论在男孩中与亲社会行为呈正相关且显著相关，而在女孩中并非如此。最后，检测到两条间接路径：共情关注部分介导了观点采择与亲社会行为之间的关系，接受性语言通过提高心理理论能力对亲社会行为产生间接影响。文中讨论了理解这四种社会认知技能对儿童亲社会发展影响的意义。
