Sharma Prem P, Paul Anirban, Srivastava Divesh N, Kulshrestha Vaibhav
CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India.
ACS Omega. 2018 Aug 24;3(8):9872-9879. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01215. eCollection 2018 Aug 31.
Clean energy is the main requirement for human life. Redox flow battery may be an alternative to fossil fuels. An ion-exchange membrane is the heart of the redox flow battery. In the present study, we synthesize semi-interpenetrating cross-linked copolymer amphoteric ion-exchange membranes (AIEMs) with a partially rigid backbone. The styrene sulfonate and vinyl benzyl chloride monomers are used as the cationic and anionic moieties into the AIEMs. Three different types of quaternizing agents are used to convert a primary amine into a quaternary amine group. Here, we avoid the use of the carcinogenic chemical CMME, commonly used for the synthesis of anion-exchange membranes. The prepared membranes exhibit good electrochemical and physicochemical properties with a high acidic stability. The membranes also show moderate water uptake and dimensional change. The ZWMO membrane shows better properties among the AIEMs, with an ionic conductivity of 3.12 × 10 S cm and 5.49 water molecules per functional group. The anion and cation-exchange capacities of the ZWMO membranes are calculated to be 1.11 and 0.62 mequiv/g. All AIEMs show good thermal and mechanical stabilities, calculated by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and universal testing machine analysis. The membranes show low vanadium ion permeability than the commercial membrane Nafion for their use in vanadium redox flow batteries. Further, the AIEMs are applied in redox flow batteries as separators and deliver good results with the charging and discharging phenomena, with 87% voltage efficiency and 91% current efficiency.
清洁能源是人类生活的主要需求。氧化还原液流电池可能是化石燃料的替代品。离子交换膜是氧化还原液流电池的核心。在本研究中，我们合成了具有部分刚性主链的半互穿交联共聚物两性离子交换膜（AIEMs）。将苯乙烯磺酸盐和乙烯基苄基氯单体用作AIEMs中的阳离子和阴离子部分。使用三种不同类型的季铵化剂将伯胺转化为季铵基团。在此，我们避免使用常用于合成阴离子交换膜的致癌化学物质CMME。制备的膜表现出良好的电化学和物理化学性质以及高酸性稳定性。这些膜还表现出适度的吸水率和尺寸变化。在AIEMs中，ZWMO膜表现出更好的性能，离子电导率为3.12×10 S/cm，每个官能团有5.49个水分子。ZWMO膜的阴离子和阳离子交换容量经计算分别为1.11和0.62 mequiv/g。通过差示扫描量热法、动态力学分析和万能试验机分析计算得出，所有AIEMs都表现出良好的热稳定性和机械稳定性。与商业膜Nafion相比，这些膜在钒氧化还原液流电池中的钒离子渗透率较低。此外，AIEMs作为隔膜应用于氧化还原液流电池中，在充放电现象中表现良好，电压效率为87%，电流效率为91%。
