School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin City, Liaoning, China.
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian City, Liaoning, China.
Chemosphere. 2020 Jan;238:124661. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124661. Epub 2019 Aug 24.
Toxicities of the marine algae Alexandrium minutum and its excreted gonyautoxins (GTXs) to the marine crustacean Artemia salina were investigated. Mortality was observed for neither larvae nor adult A. salina exposed to A. minutum at a density of 5000 cells/mL or 0.5 μM GTX2/3. After exposure, the full transcriptome of adult A. salina was assembled and functionally annotated. A total of 599,286 transcripts were obtained, which were clustered into 515,196 unigenes. Results of the transcriptional effect level index revealed that direct exposure to the toxic algae A. minutum caused greater alterations in the transcriptome than did exposure to the extracellular product GTX2/3. Mechanisms of effects were different between exposure of A. salina to A. minutum cells or GTX2/3. Exposure to A. minutum modulated formation of the ribonucleoprotein complex and metabolism of amino acids and lipids in A. salina. Exposure to GTX2/3 exposure inhibited expression of genes related to metabolism of chitin, which might result in disruption of molting process or disturbed sheath morphogenesis. Overall, effects on transcription observed in this study represent the first report based on application of next generation sequencing techniques to investigate the transcriptomic response of A. salina exposed to an environmentally realistic level of A. minutum or GTX2/3.
研究了海洋藻类亚历山大藻及其排泄的 GTXs（GTX2/3）对海洋甲壳类动物卤虫的毒性。在 5000 个细胞/毫升或 0.5μM GTX2/3 的密度下，幼虫和成虫卤虫暴露于亚历山大藻时，均未观察到死亡率。暴露后，组装并功能注释了成年卤虫的完整转录组。共获得 599286 条转录本，聚类为 515196 个基因。转录效应水平指数的结果表明，与细胞外产物 GTX2/3 相比，直接暴露于有毒藻类亚历山大藻对转录组的影响更大。卤虫暴露于亚历山大藻细胞或 GTX2/3 的作用机制不同。暴露于亚历山大藻会调节核糖核蛋白复合物的形成以及卤虫的氨基酸和脂质代谢。暴露于 GTX2/3 会抑制与几丁质代谢相关的基因的表达，这可能导致蜕皮过程中断或鞘形态发生受到干扰。总的来说，本研究中转录组观察到的影响代表了应用下一代测序技术研究卤虫暴露于环境现实水平的亚历山大藻或 GTX2/3 时转录组响应的首次报告。
