Habitat fragmentation experiments on arthropods: what to do next?

Habitat fragmentation has the potential to influence ecological and evolutionary dynamics in various ways. Fragmentation experiments explore these multiple influences and the underlying mechanisms. We review experiments used in arthropods and highlight gaps in biological focus, methodology and questions addressed. While the consequences on community structure were often reported, fewer studies focused on ecosystem functions and evolutionary processes, with striking gaps on genetic and eco-evolutionary dynamics. Regarding fragmentation components, matrix quality was often overlooked while inter-patch (and source-patch) distance was the most studied component. The identified gaps outlined our need to study fragmentation at different time-scales, and on teasing apart the respective roles of each fragmentation component on each eco-evolutionary process.