Sarracino A, Vulpiani A
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli," via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Sapienza-p.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy.
Chaos. 2019 Aug;29(8):083132. doi: 10.1063/1.5110262.
We review generalized fluctuation-dissipation relations, which are valid under general conditions even in "nonstandard systems," e.g., out of equilibrium and/or without a Hamiltonian structure. The response functions can be expressed in terms of suitable correlation functions computed in the unperturbed dynamics. In these relations, typically, one has nontrivial contributions due to the form of the stationary probability distribution; such terms take into account the interaction among the relevant degrees of freedom in the system. We illustrate the general formalism with some examples in nonstandard cases, including driven granular media, systems with a multiscale structure, active matter, and systems showing anomalous diffusion.
我们回顾广义涨落耗散关系，其在一般条件下甚至在“非标准系统”中都是有效的，例如非平衡态和/或没有哈密顿结构的系统。响应函数可以用在未受扰动动力学中计算的合适关联函数来表示。在这些关系中，通常由于稳态概率分布的形式会有非平凡贡献；这些项考虑了系统中相关自由度之间的相互作用。我们用非标准情形下的一些例子来说明一般形式体系，包括受驱动的颗粒介质、具有多尺度结构的系统、活性物质以及表现出反常扩散的系统。
