University of Massachusetts Boston, Department of Curriculum and Instruction, 100 William T, Morrissey Blvd Wheatley Hall-Room 143-4-2, Boston, MA 02125, United States.
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Department of Special Education, 1310 S. Sixth Street - Room 270F, Champaign, IL 61820, United States.
Child Abuse Negl. 2019 Nov;97:104149. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104149. Epub 2019 Aug 29.
Preschool suspension and expulsion rates are typically based on teacher reports, and don't simultaneously account for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).
To examine estimates in the United States of parent-reported preschool suspension and expulsion rates, in the context of ACEs.
Parents of children aged 3-5 years old (N = 6,100) in the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health dataset.
We reported the prevalence estimates of preschool suspension and expulsion, and estimated the unique variance of ACEs as risk factors using weighted sequential logistic regression.
An estimated 174,309 preschoolers (2.0%) were suspended, and 17,248 (0.2%) children were expelled annually. If divided by 36 school weeks, the instances of weekly suspension and expulsion were at least 4,842 and 479 respectively. Controlling for previous risk factors (i.e., age, gender, race, ethnicity), the odds ratio increased by 80% for every unit of ACEs increment. Children were more likely to be suspended or expelled if they had domestic violence (OR = 10.6, p < .001), living with mental illness (OR = 9.8, p < .001), adult substance abuse (OR = 4.8, p < .001), and victim of violence (OR = 4.5, p = .004), living in high poverty (OR = 3.9, p = .001), divorced parents (OR = 3.3, p = .001), and parent incarceration (OR = 3.0, p = .009).
The alarming suspension and expulsion rates call for more comprehensive outreach prevention and response efforts in preschool settings. Cross system collaboration and family support are essential to this work.
幼儿园的停学和开除率通常基于教师报告，且同时并未考虑到不良的儿童经历（ACEs）。
在美国，我们同时考虑 ACEs 的情况下，研究父母报告的幼儿园停学和开除率的估计值。
2016 年全国儿童健康调查数据集，年龄在 3-5 岁的儿童的父母（N=6100）。
我们报告了幼儿园停学和开除的流行率估计值，并使用加权序贯逻辑回归来估计 ACEs 作为风险因素的独特方差。
估计有 174309 名学龄前儿童（2.0%）被停学，每年有 17248 名（0.2%）儿童被开除。如果按 36 个学校周计算，每周停学和开除的次数至少为 4842 次和 479 次。在控制了先前的风险因素（即年龄、性别、种族、民族）后，ACEs 每增加一个单位，几率比增加 80%。如果儿童遭受家庭暴力（OR=10.6，p<0.001）、与精神疾病患者共同生活（OR=9.8，p<0.001）、有成人滥用药物（OR=4.8，p<0.001）或遭受暴力（OR=4.5，p=0.004）、生活在高贫困地区（OR=3.9，p=0.001）、父母离异（OR=3.3，p=0.001）或父母入狱（OR=3.0，p=0.009），他们更有可能被停学或开除。
令人震惊的停学和开除率呼吁在幼儿园环境中开展更全面的外展预防和应对工作。跨系统合作和家庭支持对这项工作至关重要。
