Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2019 Dec;59:107-114. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.07.011. Epub 2019 Aug 29.
In eukaryotes, the nucleosome is the basic unit of chromatin. Since the genomic DNA is tightly wrapped around the histone octamer in the nucleosome, its function is severely restricted in chromatin. To overcome the nucleosome barrier, the nucleosome structure must dynamically change during genomic DNA functions. Recent structural studies revealed that chromatin remodelers and RNA polymerase II drastically alter the nucleosome structures during the chromatin remodeling and transcription processes. These results provide important information for understanding how genes are properly regulated in eukaryotes. Here, we review the recent structural studies of nucleosome versatility and dynamics during chromatin remodeling and transcription by RNA polymerase II.
在真核生物中，核小体是染色质的基本单位。由于基因组 DNA 紧密缠绕在核小体中的组蛋白八聚体周围，其功能在染色质中受到严重限制。为了克服核小体障碍，核小体结构在基因组 DNA 功能过程中必须动态变化。最近的结构研究表明，染色质重塑体和 RNA 聚合酶 II 在染色质重塑和转录过程中剧烈改变核小体结构。这些结果为理解真核生物中基因如何被正确调控提供了重要信息。在这里，我们综述了最近关于 RNA 聚合酶 II 介导的染色质重塑和转录过程中核小体多功能性和动力学的结构研究。
