Departments of1Neurological Surgery.
5Precision Neuro-therapeutics Innovation Lab, and.
Neurosurg Focus. 2019 Sep 1;47(3):E6. doi: 10.3171/2019.6.FOCUS19349.
Roberts Bartholow, a physician, born and raised in Maryland, was a surgeon and Professor in Medicine who had previously served the Union during the Civil War. His interest in scientific research drove him to perform the first experiment that tested the excitability of the human brain cortex. His historical experiment on one of his patients, Mary Rafferty, with a cancerous ulcer on the skull, was one of his great accomplishments. His inference from this experiment and proposed scientific theory of cortical excitation and localization in humans was one of the most critically acclaimed topics in the medical community, which attracted the highest commendation for the unique discovery as well as criticism for possible ethical violations. Despite that criticism, his theory and methods of cortical localization are the cornerstone of modern brain mapping and have, in turn, led to countless medical innovations.
罗伯茨·巴塞洛缪（Roberts Bartholow）是一位土生土长的马里兰州医生，他是一名外科医生和医学教授，曾在内战期间为联邦效力。他对科学研究的兴趣促使他进行了第一次测试人类大脑皮层兴奋性的实验。他对一名患有颅骨癌性溃疡的患者玛丽·拉弗蒂（Mary Rafferty）进行的历史实验是他的一项伟大成就。他从这次实验中推断出的关于人类皮质兴奋和定位的科学理论是医学界最受好评的话题之一，这一独特的发现既受到了最高的赞誉，也因可能的伦理违规而受到了批评。尽管受到了批评，但他的皮质定位理论和方法是现代脑图谱的基石，反过来又带来了无数的医学创新。
