Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Fujian Province Universities, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, People's Republic of China.
Biogerontology. 2019 Dec;20(6):741-761. doi: 10.1007/s10522-019-09832-3. Epub 2019 Aug 31.
Aging is a progressive decline of physiological function in tissue and organ accompanying both accumulation of DNA damage and reduction of non-coding DNA. Peripheral non-coding DNA/heterochromatin has been proposed to protect the genome and centrally-located protein-coding sequences in soma and male germ cells against radiation and the invasion of exogenous nucleic acids. Therefore, this review summarizes the reduction of non-coding DNA/heterochromatin (including telomeric DNA and rDNA) and DNA damage accumulation during normal physiological aging and in various aging-related diseases. Based on analysis of data, it is found that DNA damage accumulation is roughly negatively correlated with the reduction of non-coding DNA and therefore speculated that DNA damage accumulation is likely due to the reduction of non-coding DNA protection in genome defense during aging. Therefore, it is proposed here that means to increase the total amount of non-coding DNA and/or heterochromatin prior to the onset of these diseases could potentially better protect the genome and protein-coding DNA, reduce the incidence of aging-related diseases, and thus lead to better health during aging.
衰老是组织和器官生理功能的进行性下降，伴随着 DNA 损伤的积累和非编码 DNA 的减少。外周非编码 DNA/异染色质被认为可以保护基因组和体细胞和雄性生殖细胞中的中央蛋白编码序列免受辐射和外源核酸的侵袭。因此，本综述总结了非编码 DNA/异染色质（包括端粒 DNA 和 rDNA）的减少和正常生理衰老以及各种与衰老相关的疾病中 DNA 损伤的积累。通过对数据的分析，发现 DNA 损伤的积累与非编码 DNA 的减少大致呈负相关，因此推测 DNA 损伤的积累可能是由于衰老过程中基因组防御中非编码 DNA 保护的减少所致。因此，这里提出的建议是，在这些疾病发生之前增加非编码 DNA 和/或异染色质的总量，可能会更好地保护基因组和蛋白编码 DNA，降低与衰老相关的疾病的发病率，从而在衰老过程中获得更好的健康。
