Jackler R K, Dillon W P
Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1988 Nov;99(5):494-504. doi: 10.1177/019459988809900508.
The majority of temporal bone radiographic studies are obtained either for middle ear and mastoid disease or in the evaluation of retrocochlear pathology. With recent technologic advances, diagnostic imaging of the inner ear has developed an increasing role in the evaluation and management of diseases that affect the cochlea, semicircular canals, and the vestibular and cochlear aqueducts. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) provides excellent detail of the osseous labyrinth, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generates images derived from the membranous labyrinth and its associated neural elements. Optimal techniques for obtaining high quality CT and MRI images of the normal and diseased inner ear are presented. CT has proved useful in the evaluation of inner ear malformations, cochlear otosclerosis, labyrinthine fistulization from cholesteatoma, translabyrinthine fractures, otic capsule osteodystrophies, in the assessment of cochlear patency before cochlear implantation, and in the localization of prosthetic devices such as stapes wires and cochlear implants. While MRI produces discernible images of the soft tissue and fluid components of the inner ear, it has yet to demonstrate any unique advantages in the evaluation of inner ear disease. However, MRI produces excellent and highly useful images of the audiovestibular and facial nerves, cerebellopontine angle, and brain.
大多数颞骨影像学研究是针对中耳和乳突疾病进行的，或者用于评估蜗后病变。随着最近技术的进步，内耳的诊断成像在影响耳蜗、半规管以及前庭和蜗水管的疾病的评估和管理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。高分辨率计算机断层扫描（CT）能提供骨迷路的出色细节，而磁共振成像（MRI）则生成源自膜迷路及其相关神经结构的图像。本文介绍了获取正常和患病内耳高质量CT和MRI图像的最佳技术。CT已被证明在评估内耳畸形、耳蜗性耳硬化、胆脂瘤导致的迷路瘘管形成、经迷路骨折、耳囊骨营养不良、评估人工耳蜗植入前的耳蜗通畅情况以及定位诸如镫骨钢丝和人工耳蜗等假体装置方面很有用。虽然MRI能生成内耳软组织和液体成分的可分辨图像，但在评估内耳疾病方面尚未显示出任何独特优势。然而，MRI能生成听前庭神经和面神经、桥小脑角及脑部的出色且非常有用的图像。
