Abrazo Central Campus Family Medicine Residency Program, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America.
Office of Global and Border Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2019 Sep 3;14(9):e0221094. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221094. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: There is limited evidence regarding the efficacy of iron-containing pots and ingots in reducing iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence regarding the effect of iron-containing cookware on ID and IDA among children and females of reproductive age (FRA) in LMICs.
Searches were last conducted in May 2019 in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, POPLINE, LILACS, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, WHO ICTRP and ClinicalTrials.gov. Hand searching was also conducted. Selection criteria included randomized-controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies and observational studies with control groups that studied the effect of iron-containing cookware in children (4 months-11 years) and females of reproductive age (12-51 years).
Eleven studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. Statistically significant increases in hemoglobin and/or iron indices (p < 0.05) were observed in 50% (4/8) of studies on pots (relative change/mean difference in Hb: -0.4-1.20 g/dL), and 33.3% (1/3) of studies on ingots (relative change/mean difference in Hb: 0.32-1.18 g/dL). Positive outcomes (p < 0.05) were observed among children in 50% (4/8) of studies and among FRA in 28.6% (2/7) of studies. Compliance ranged from 26.7-71.4% daily use of pots to 90-93.9% daily use of ingots.
There are indications that, with reasonable compliance, iron-containing cookware could serve as a means of reducing IDA, especially among children. The potential advantages of iron-containing cookware include relative cost-effectiveness and complementary combination with other interventions. However, further research is needed regarding both the efficacy and safety of this intervention.
在中低收入国家（LMICs），关于含铁锅具和铁块在减少缺铁（ID）和缺铁性贫血（IDA）方面的疗效，证据有限。本系统评价的目的是总结关于在 LMICs 中，含铁炊具对儿童和育龄女性（FRA）ID 和 IDA 影响的证据。
研究最后于 2019 年 5 月在 PubMed、Embase、Cochrane 图书馆、Web of Science、Scopus、CAB 摘要、POPLINE、LILACS、ProQuest 学位论文和全球会议录、世界卫生组织 ICTRP 和 ClinicalTrials.gov 进行了检索。还进行了手工检索。入选标准包括随机对照试验（RCTs）、准实验研究和有对照组的观察性研究，这些研究均探讨了含铁炊具对儿童（4 个月-11 岁）和育龄女性（12-51 岁）的影响。
11 项研究符合纳入本综述的标准。在 50%（4/8）的锅研究中（血红蛋白相对变化/平均差异：-0.4-1.20g/dL）和 33.3%（1/3）的铁块研究中（血红蛋白相对变化/平均差异：0.32-1.18g/dL）观察到血红蛋白和/或铁指数的统计学显著增加（p<0.05）。在 50%（4/8）的儿童研究中和 28.6%（2/7）的 FRA 研究中观察到阳性结果（p<0.05）。锅的每日使用率为 26.7-71.4%，铁块的每日使用率为 90-93.9%。
有迹象表明，在合理遵守的情况下，含铁炊具可能是减少 IDA 的一种手段，尤其是在儿童中。含铁炊具的潜在优势包括相对成本效益和与其他干预措施的互补结合。然而，关于这种干预措施的疗效和安全性还需要进一步研究。
