Arunachalam Sri Ram, Tang Kai Dun, Punyadeera Chamindie
School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.
Methods Mol Biol. 2019;2054:105-114. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9769-5_6.
Oral premalignant disorders (OPMD) have relatively high malignant transformation rates to Oral Cancers (OC). Oral carcinogenesis is a multistep process that originates as epithelial hyperplasia followed by epithelial dysplasia, leading to fully malignant phenotypes. Early detection can be lifesaving but is currently not possible due to the lack of early diagnostic tools. The current diagnostic methods such as biopsy sampling, tumor tissue staining, and imaging techniques require skilled personnel and are invasive, painful, time-consuming, and expensive. Saliva has gained momentum as the diagnostic fluid of the future due to its noninvasive nature, ease of sampling, multiple samples can be collected with ease and more importantly does not require skilled personnel. The use of saliva in cancer diagnostics is an emerging and an expanding field. MicroRNA (miRNA) play a role in cancer initiation and progression and the expression changes of miRNA have been investigated as a potential biomarker in cancer studies. In this chapter, we describe a robust and cost-effective protocol to isolate and enrich miRNA from saliva samples. Profiling miRNAs in saliva samples can form part of the clinical management of OPMD and OC patients in the future.
口腔癌前病变（OPMD）向口腔癌（OC）的恶性转化率相对较高。口腔癌发生是一个多步骤过程，始于上皮增生，随后是上皮发育异常，最终导致完全恶性的表型。早期检测可以挽救生命，但由于缺乏早期诊断工具，目前尚无法实现。当前的诊断方法，如活检采样、肿瘤组织染色和成像技术，需要专业人员操作，具有侵入性、痛苦、耗时且昂贵。由于唾液具有非侵入性、采样容易、可轻松收集多个样本且更重要的是不需要专业人员，因此已成为未来的诊断液体。唾液在癌症诊断中的应用是一个新兴且不断扩展的领域。微小RNA（miRNA）在癌症的发生和发展中起作用，其表达变化已作为癌症研究中的潜在生物标志物进行了研究。在本章中，我们描述了一种从唾液样本中分离和富集miRNA的可靠且经济高效的方案。唾液样本中miRNA的分析未来可成为OPMD和OC患者临床管理的一部分。
