Zetler Neta Katz, Cermak Sharon A, Engel-Yeger Batya, Gal Eynat
Neta Katz Zetler, MSc, is Occupational Therapist, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel;
Sharon A. Cermak, EdD, is Professor and Occupational Therapist, Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Am J Occup Ther. 2019 Sep/Oct;73(5):7305205010p1-7305205010p14. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2019.029728.
Sensory symptoms in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are commonly reported by researchers. However, an often overlooked sensory aspect of ASD is sensory discrimination in general, and somatosensory discrimination in particular.
To examine what has and what has not yet been learned concerning the somatosensory discrimination abilities of people with ASD and to reveal gaps warranting further research.
Scoping review of clinical studies published 1995-2017 located through searches of PsycNET, PubMed, ERIC, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were English-language peer-reviewed studies with (1) participants diagnosed with ASD, (2) a specific somatosensory discrimination measure, and (3) a comparison group. No age or intellectual exclusion criteria were established; studies were excluded if they were theoretical or descriptive, did not incorporate a control group, focused only on neurology or genetics, or used simple threshold detection measures or somatosensory measures integrated with other measures. The final search yielded 12 comparative articles discussing tactile and proprioceptive discrimination in people with ASD.
Overall, most results showed atypical somatosensory discrimination in people with ASD, especially among young children. The relationship between sensory discrimination abilities and other sensory symptoms and ASD symptoms is briefly discussed.
Heterogeneous findings concerning somatosensory discrimination in people with ASD shed light on underlying mechanisms of these disorders and can contribute to improvement of occupational therapy intervention for this population.
The occupational therapy evaluation of people with ASD can benefit from addressing somatosensory discrimination and its contribution to other clinical symptoms. This type of assessment can help improve intervention strategies for people with ASD by promoting a focus on the effect of discrimination deficits on daily function.
研究人员普遍报告了自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者的感觉症状。然而，ASD中一个经常被忽视的感觉方面是一般的感觉辨别，尤其是躯体感觉辨别。
研究关于ASD患者躯体感觉辨别能力已经了解和尚未了解的内容，并揭示需要进一步研究的差距。
对1995年至2017年发表的临床研究进行范围综述，通过检索PsycNET、PubMed、ERIC和谷歌学术搜索获得。纳入标准为英文同行评审研究，研究对象需满足：（1）被诊断为ASD；（2）采用特定的躯体感觉辨别测量方法；（3）有对照组。未设定年龄或智力排除标准；如果研究是理论性或描述性的、未纳入对照组、仅关注神经学或遗传学、或使用简单的阈值检测测量方法或与其他测量方法结合的躯体感觉测量方法，则将其排除。最终检索得到12篇比较性文章，讨论了ASD患者的触觉和本体感觉辨别。
总体而言，大多数结果显示ASD患者存在非典型的躯体感觉辨别，尤其是在幼儿中。简要讨论了感觉辨别能力与其他感觉症状和ASD症状之间的关系。
关于ASD患者躯体感觉辨别的异质性研究结果揭示了这些疾病的潜在机制，并有助于改善针对该人群的职业治疗干预。
对ASD患者的职业治疗评估可以从关注躯体感觉辨别及其对其他临床症状的影响中受益。这种评估类型可以通过促进关注辨别缺陷对日常功能的影响来帮助改善ASD患者的干预策略。
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