State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
Xinjiang Aksu Oasis Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station, Aksu, 843300, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Sep 5;191(10):613. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7664-0.
The present study investigating the variation in plant diversity in Taitemar Lake before and after ecological water transfer is critical for the restoration of the ecological environment of the lower Tarim River. A comprehensive study of the vegetation in Taitemar Lake from 2000 to 2017 was conducted, to determine differences between the overflow and the non-overflow areas, which were monitored along belt transects. There are some conclusions: (1) the ecological benefits of Taitemar Lake gradually emerged with increased water transfer: in the overflow area, the number of species per unit area, vegetation cover, and vegetation density were 6.8 species per 100 m, 30%, and 1350 per 100 m, respectively, while the three indices above in the non-overflow area were 1.7 species per 100 m, 7.0%, and 27.0 per 100 m, respectively. (2) In recent decades, the major changes in Taitemar Lake were as follows: in the early stage of water transport (2000-2006), the surface vegetation was dominated by newly germinated annual herbs (important value (IV) 0.50), followed by perennial herbs (IV 0.20), and finally shrubs (IV 0.10). After a few years, in 2008, the annual herbs almost disappeared in the overflow are and were replaced by shrubs and perennial herbs. Shrubs were the newly germinating seedlings of native species, and perennial herbs were dominated by Phragmites australis. From 2012 to 2016, under the abundant water conditions, the dominant species composition tended to be simple and the local vegetation developed in the direction of a saline meadow. (3) From 2011 to 2017, P. australis became the dominant species on the shoreline with the Simpson and Shannon indices remaining at low levels.
本研究调查了生态调水前后塔里木河下游泰特玛湖植物多样性的变化，对恢复泰特玛湖的生态环境具有重要意义。对 2000 年至 2017 年泰特玛湖的植被进行了综合研究，以确定溢水区和非溢水区之间的差异，沿带形样带进行监测。得出以下结论：（1）随着调水的增加，泰特玛湖的生态效益逐渐显现：在溢水区，单位面积的物种数、植被盖度和植被密度分别为每 100m 有 6.8 种、30%和 1350 种，而非溢水区分别为每 100m 有 1.7 种、7.0%和 27.0 种。（2）近几十年来，泰特玛湖的主要变化如下：在调水初期（2000-2006 年），地表植被以新萌发的一年生草本植物为主（重要值（IV）为 0.50），其次是多年生草本植物（IV 为 0.20），最后是灌木（IV 为 0.10）。几年后，在 2008 年，溢水区的一年生草本植物几乎消失，取而代之的是灌木和多年生草本植物。灌木是本地物种的新萌发幼苗，多年生草本植物以芦苇为主。从 2012 年到 2016 年，在丰富的水分条件下，优势种组成趋于简单，当地植被向盐生草地方向发展。（3）从 2011 年到 2017 年，芦苇成为湖滨带的优势种，辛普森和香农指数一直保持在较低水平。
