Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Dev Psychobiol. 2020 Apr;62(3):400-408. doi: 10.1002/dev.21908. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
Early life stress (ELS) has been linked to health disparities across the human lifespan, particularly increased risk for depression and its recurrence. In this study we explore two plausible and competing pathways through which ELS may lead to depression via inflammation.
Participants (ages 18-22; n = 41) completed the Early Trauma Inventory as a measure of ELS. Participants then completed consecutive daily diaries of mood and other sickness behavior for the 7 days prior to and 7 days after receiving the annual influenza vaccine. Circulating concentrations of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured immediately before and 24 hr after vaccination.
ELS was not associated with the magnitude of change in IL-6 from pre- to post-vaccine, however, exposure to ELS moderated the association between change in IL-6 from pre- to post-vaccine and changes in both cognitive difficulty and depressed mood. Individuals exposed to greater ELS showed greater psychological sensitivity to increases in IL-6.
Exposure to ELS may increase sensitivity to peripheral inflammation in the central nervous system. Future studies elaborating on the impact of ELS on the sensitivity of specific neural circuits and cells to inflammation are needed.
早期生活压力（ELS）与人类整个生命周期的健康差异有关，尤其是增加了抑郁及其复发的风险。在这项研究中，我们探讨了 ELS 通过炎症导致抑郁的两种可能的、相互竞争的途径。
参与者（年龄 18-22 岁；n=41）完成了早期创伤量表，作为 ELS 的衡量标准。然后，参与者在接种年度流感疫苗前 7 天和接种后 7 天连续每天记录情绪和其他疾病行为日记。在接种疫苗前和接种后 24 小时测量血浆白细胞介素 6（IL-6）的循环浓度。
ELS 与疫苗前到疫苗后的 IL-6 变化幅度无关，但 ELS 的暴露程度调节了疫苗前到疫苗后的 IL-6 变化与认知困难和抑郁情绪变化之间的关系。暴露于更大 ELS 的个体对 IL-6 的增加表现出更大的心理敏感性。
ELS 的暴露可能会增加中枢神经系统对外周炎症的敏感性。需要进一步研究阐述 ELS 对特定神经回路和细胞对炎症敏感性的影响。
