Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.
Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom.
Microb Pathog. 2019 Dec;137:103711. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103711. Epub 2019 Sep 3.
Chagas disease affects millions of people, and it is a major cause of death in Latin America. Prevention and development of an effective treatment for this infection can be favored by a more thorough understanding of T. cruzi interaction with the microbiome of vectors and hosts. Next-generation sequencing technology vastly broadened the knowledge about intestinal bacteria composition, showing that microbiota within each host (triatomines and mammals) is composed by high diversity of species, although few dominant phyla. This fact may represent an ecological balance that was acquired during the evolutionary process of the microbiome-host complex, and that serves to perpetuate this system. In this context, commensal microbiota is also essential to protect hosts, conferring them resistance to pathogens colonization. However, in some situations, the microbiota is not able to prevent infection but only modulate it. Here we will review the role of the microbiota on the parasite-vector-host triad with a focus on the kinetoplastida of medical importance Trypanosoma cruzi. Novel strategies to control Chagas disease based on intestinal microbiome will also be discussed.
恰加斯病影响着数百万人，是拉丁美洲的主要死亡原因之一。为了预防和开发针对这种感染的有效治疗方法，可以通过更深入地了解克氏锥虫与媒介和宿主微生物组的相互作用来实现。下一代测序技术极大地扩展了人们对肠道细菌组成的认识，表明每个宿主（三锥虫和哺乳动物）内的微生物组由高度多样化的物种组成，尽管少数优势门。这一事实可能代表了微生物组-宿主复合体在进化过程中获得的一种生态平衡，有助于维持该系统。在这种情况下，共生微生物组对于保护宿主也至关重要，使它们能够抵抗病原体的定植。然而，在某些情况下，微生物组无法预防感染，而只能调节感染。在这里，我们将重点讨论肠道微生物组对寄生虫-媒介-宿主三体的作用，特别是具有医学重要性的金内变形虫 Trypanosoma cruzi。还将讨论基于肠道微生物组控制恰加斯病的新策略。
