Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Microb Pathog. 2019 Nov;136:103710. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103710. Epub 2019 Sep 4.
Some evidence suggests the involvement of phosphotransfer network in the pathogenesis of fish bacterial diseases, catalyzed by creatine kinase (CK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and adenylate kinase (AK); nevertheless, the effects on fish affected by Aeromonas hydrophila remain unknown. Recent evidence suggested a potent protective effect of caffeine on the branchial phosphotransfer network of fish subjected to challenge conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether A. hydrophila infection impaired branchial bioenergetics. We also determined whether dietary supplementation with caffeine protected against A. hydrophila-induced gill bioenergetic imbalance. We found that branchial cytosolic CK and AK activities were significant lower in fish experimentally infected with A. hydrophila than in uninfected fish, while mitochondrial CK activity was significant higher. Branchial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and lactate levels were significant higher in fish experimentally infected by A. hydrophila than in uninfected fish, while sodium-potassium ion pump (Na, K-ATPase) activity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were significant lower. No significant difference was observed between groups with respect to branchial PK activity. The dietary supplementation with 8% caffeine improved the branchial CK (cytosolic and mitochondrial), AK, and LDH activities, as well as ATP levels, but did not prevent increases in branchial lactate levels or the inhibition of Na, K-ATPase activity elicited by aeromonosis. Based on this evidence, we believe that reduction of CK (cytosolic) and AK activities contributes to impairment of bioenergetic homeostasis, while augmentation of mitochondrial CK activity can be considered an attempt to prevent or reduce the energetic imbalance during aeromonosis caused by A. hydrophila. The use of 8% caffeine dietary supplementation improved the energetic metabolism via protective effects on CK and AK activities, avoiding the necessity of using anaerobic metabolism. In summary, 8% dietary caffeine can be used to improve branchial energetic homeostasis during aeromonosis caused by A. hydrophila.
一些证据表明，磷酸转移网络的参与在鱼类细菌性疾病的发病机制中起作用，该网络由肌酸激酶（CK）、丙酮酸激酶（PK）和腺苷酸激酶（AK）催化；然而，其对受嗜水气单胞菌影响的鱼类的影响尚不清楚。最近的证据表明，咖啡因对鱼类鳃部磷酸转移网络具有强大的保护作用，使其能够应对挑战条件。因此，本研究旨在评估嗜水气单胞菌感染是否会损害鱼类鳃部的生物能量学。我们还确定了膳食中添加咖啡因是否能防止嗜水气单胞菌引起的鱼鳃生物能量失衡。我们发现，与未感染的鱼类相比，实验感染嗜水气单胞菌的鱼类鳃细胞溶质 CK 和 AK 活性显著降低，而线粒体 CK 活性显著升高。实验感染嗜水气单胞菌的鱼类的鳃乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和乳酸水平显著高于未感染的鱼类，而钠钾离子泵（Na，K-ATPase）活性和三磷酸腺苷（ATP）水平显著降低。鳃 PK 活性在两组之间没有观察到显著差异。膳食中添加 8%的咖啡因可改善鳃 CK（细胞溶质和线粒体）、AK 和 LDH 活性以及 ATP 水平，但不能防止鳃乳酸水平升高或嗜水气单胞菌引起的 Na，K-ATPase 活性抑制。基于这些证据，我们认为 CK（细胞溶质）和 AK 活性的降低有助于生物能量稳态的损害，而线粒体 CK 活性的增加可以被认为是防止或减少由嗜水气单胞菌引起的鱼病期间能量失衡的一种尝试。使用 8%的咖啡因膳食补充剂通过对 CK 和 AK 活性的保护作用来改善能量代谢，避免了使用无氧代谢的必要性。总之，8%的膳食咖啡因可用于改善由嗜水气单胞菌引起的鱼病期间的鳃部能量稳态。
