Reyes-Hinojosa D, Lozada-Pérez C A, Zamudio Cuevas Y, López-Reyes A, Martínez-Nava G, Fernández-Torres J, Olivos-Meza A, Landa-Solis C, Gutiérrez-Ruiz M C, Rojas Del Castillo E, Martínez-Flores K
Synovial Fluid Laboratory, National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico.
Rheumatology Service, National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2019 Nov;72:103219. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103219. Epub 2019 Aug 15.
Epidemiological studies have reported that exposure to toxic metals like cadmium (Cd) may promote the development of musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and osteoarthritis (OA), among others. The objective of this review is to summarize the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and oxidative stress activated by Cd at the bone level, particularly in osteoporosis, RA, and OA. Cadmium can increase bone resorption, affect the activity of osteoclasts and calcium (Ca) absorption, and impair kidney function, which favors the development of osteoporosis. In the case of RA, Cd interferes with the activity of antioxidant proteins, like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). It also promotes an inflammatory state, inducing the process of citrullination, which affects the proteins of immune response. On the other hand, accumulation of Cd in the tissues and blood of smokers has been related to the development of some musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore, knowing the negative impact of Cd toxicity at the articular level can help understand the damage mechanisms it produces, leading to the development of such diseases.
流行病学研究报告称，接触镉（Cd）等有毒金属可能会促进肌肉骨骼疾病的发展，如骨质疏松症、类风湿性关节炎（RA）和骨关节炎（OA）等。本综述的目的是总结镉在骨骼水平上激活炎症和氧化应激的分子机制，特别是在骨质疏松症、类风湿性关节炎和骨关节炎中。镉会增加骨吸收，影响破骨细胞的活性和钙（Ca）吸收，并损害肾功能，这有利于骨质疏松症的发展。在类风湿性关节炎的情况下，镉会干扰抗氧化蛋白的活性，如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）。它还会促进炎症状态，诱导瓜氨酸化过程，从而影响免疫反应蛋白。另一方面，吸烟者组织和血液中镉的积累与一些肌肉骨骼疾病的发展有关。因此，了解镉毒性在关节水平上的负面影响有助于理解其产生的损伤机制，从而导致此类疾病的发展。
