Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
Institute of Plant Nutrient, Environment and Resource, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
J Appl Microbiol. 2020 Jan;128(1):138-150. doi: 10.1111/jam.14435. Epub 2019 Sep 8.
In order to understand the response of soil microbial communities to the long-term of decomposed straw return, the modifications of soil microbial community structure and composition induced by more than 10 years of fresh and decomposed straw return was investigated and the key environmental factors were analysed.
Phospholipid fatty acid analysis and high-through sequencing technique were applied to analyse the structure and composition of the soil microbial communities. Compared with fresh straw, returning decomposed straw increased the relative abundance of bacteria and fungi by 1·9 and 7·7% at a rate of ~3750 kg ha , and increased by 23·1 and 5·7%, at a rate of ~7500 kg ha respectively. The relative abundance of the bacteria related to soil nitrification increased, but the ones related to soil denitrification decreased with decomposed straw return, which led to higher total nitrogen contents in soils. Moreover, returning decomposed straw reduced pathogenic fungal populations (genus of Alternara), which had significantly positive correlation with soil electric conductivity. It indicated that the long-term of decomposed straw return might have lower risk of soil-borne disease mainly for the reasonable soil salinity.
Long-term of decomposed straw return could provide suitable nutrient and salinity for healthier development of soil microbial community, both in abundance and structure, compared with fresh straw return.
The results of the study helps to better understand how the microbial community modifications induced by decomposed straw return benefit on soil health. The obtained key factors impacting soil microbial community variations is meaningful in soil health management under conditions of straw return.
为了了解土壤微生物群落对长期分解秸秆归还的响应，研究了超过 10 年新鲜和分解秸秆归还对土壤微生物群落结构和组成的影响，并分析了关键环境因素。
应用磷脂脂肪酸分析和高通量测序技术分析了土壤微生物群落的结构和组成。与新鲜秸秆相比，归还分解秸秆使细菌和真菌的相对丰度分别增加了 1.9%和 7.7%，速率约为 3750 kg/ha；分别增加了 23.1%和 5.7%，速率约为 7500 kg/ha。与土壤硝化作用相关的细菌相对丰度增加，但与土壤反硝化作用相关的细菌相对丰度减少，导致土壤中总氮含量增加。此外，归还分解秸秆减少了病原菌真菌的种群（Alternara 属），其与土壤电导率呈显著正相关。这表明，长期归还分解秸秆可能具有较低的土壤病害风险，主要是由于土壤盐分合理。
与新鲜秸秆归还相比，长期归还分解秸秆可为土壤微生物群落的丰富度和结构提供更适宜的养分和盐分，使其更健康地发展。
该研究的结果有助于更好地了解分解秸秆归还诱导的微生物群落变化如何有益于土壤健康。获得的关键因素对土壤微生物群落变化的影响对秸秆归还条件下的土壤健康管理具有重要意义。
