Arlotto S, Bonin-Guillaume S, Denicolai S, Durand A-C, Gentile S
Service d'évaluation médicale, Aix-Marseille université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France; EA 3279 Self-Perceived Health Assessment Research Unit, Aix-Marseille université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 27, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 cedex 05 Marseille, France.
Service de médicine interne gériatrie, hôpitaux Sud, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13009 Marseille, France; UMR-CNRS 7289, Institut des neurosciences Timone, Aix-Marseille université, 13385 Marseille, France.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2019 Nov;67(6):403-412. doi: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.07.006. Epub 2019 Sep 5.
The increase in life expectancy and the aging of the population have a significant impact on the informal care provided by caregivers. Protecting caregivers against excessive burden has become a public health priority. The majority of studies target only those providing care for dependent elderly people. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of informal caregivers of non-dependent elderly persons, their difficulties and their level of burden.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 876 dyads: elderly people (over 70 years of age, non-dependent, living at home and having requested assistance from CARSAT South-East) and their caregivers. Two questionnaires were administered: one for the elderly (including the Frailty Group Iso-Resource Evaluation) and one for caregivers (including the Mini-Zarit Scale). A multi-component analysis and a logistic regression were performed.
The elderly were mainly women (77.6%) with a mean age of 82.2±5.8 years and most were frail (94.7%). Most of the caregivers were women (64.5%) with a mean age of 62.7±13.7 years. The multi-component analysis showed three categories of caregivers: spouses, children and others. Among them, spouses performed the most tasks (4.8±2.6) and had the greatest burden. Caregivers in the "others" category were the least burdened and were the least impacted in their daily life. The children category caregivers were divided into two subgroups: those with characteristics similar to "others" caregivers and those with characteristics similar to "spouse" caregivers. Heavy burden was related to greater impact on daily life, poor relationships with the elderly and caregivers' difficulties in performing their role.
This study confirms the heterogeneous nature of informal caregiver profiles. It also shows that the characteristic features and the burden of these caregivers are similar whether the elderly person is dependent or non-dependent but frail.
预期寿命的增加和人口老龄化对照顾者提供的非正式照料产生了重大影响。保护照顾者免受过重负担已成为公共卫生的优先事项。大多数研究仅针对那些照顾依赖他人的老年人的人。本研究的目的是描述非依赖他人的老年人的非正式照顾者的特征、他们的困难以及他们的负担程度。
对876对样本进行了一项横断面研究：老年人（70岁以上，非依赖他人，居家生活并已向东南地区社会行动与自主中心寻求帮助）及其照顾者。发放了两份问卷：一份给老年人（包括衰弱组等资源评估），一份给照顾者（包括简易 Zarit 负担量表）。进行了多因素分析和逻辑回归。
老年人主要为女性（77.6%），平均年龄为82.2±5.8岁，大多数人身体衰弱（94.7%）。大多数照顾者为女性（64.5%），平均年龄为62.7±13.7岁。多因素分析显示有三类照顾者：配偶、子女和其他。其中，配偶承担的任务最多（4.8±2.6项），负担最重。“其他”类别的照顾者负担最轻，对其日常生活的影响最小。子女类照顾者分为两个亚组：一组具有与“其他”类照顾者相似的特征，另一组具有与“配偶”类照顾者相似的特征。沉重负担与对日常生活的更大影响、与老年人关系不佳以及照顾者履行职责困难有关。
本研究证实了非正式照顾者概况的异质性。它还表明，无论老年人是依赖他人还是非依赖他人但身体衰弱，这些照顾者的特征和负担都是相似的。
