Vienna-II ring applicator for distal parametrial/pelvic wall disease in cervical cancer brachytherapy: An experience from two institutions: Clinical feasibility and outcome.

PURPOSE

Recent evidence from EMBRACE shows that around 16% patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) have residual tumor in distal parametrium (DP) and pelvic wall disease (LPW) after concurrent radio-chemotherapy (CCRT). Adequate target coverage with standard brachytherapy approaches represents a challenge. Therefore, we modified the Vienna I applicator with an add-on cap allowing for additional oblique needles into the DP/LPW (Vienna II). We report here the feasibility and clinical outcomes using Vienna II applicator in LACC patients treated in 2 institutions.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

69 patients with residual disease in DP/LPW after CCRT were accrued. FIGO (2009) stage was 26% IIB, 52% III, 15% IVA, 7% IVB (para-aortic nodes). At diagnosis 91% had disease involving DP/LPW. After CCRT, patients underwent image guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) using Vienna II applicator. IGABT details, acute complications, dose volume parameters and clinical outcome variables were compiled and analyzed.

RESULTS

Residual DP/LPW disease at BT was found in 90% patients. Median total number of needles were 7 [3-15], oblique 4 [1-7]. Manageable intraoperative utero-vaginal complications occurred in 8 patients and manageable arterial bleeding in 6 patients during removal. Mean distance between tandem and outer contour of CTV was 38 mm and mean CTV (±SD) volume was 69 ± 32 cm. The mean D CTV was 86 ± 7 Gy (EQD2) and mean (±SD) D (Gy, EQD2) 86 ± 12, 68 ± 7, 68 ± 9 for bladder, rectum and sigmoid respectively. Actuarial LC, PFS, OS at 3/5 years was 76/72%, 56/50%, 62/54% and G3-4 late toxicities (n = 23) were observed in 14 patients (20%).

CONCLUSIONS

IGABT using Vienna II applicator allows for appropriate target coverage in tumors extending into DP/LPW at the time of BT. Clinical use is feasible and results in good local control, DFS and OS with moderate rate of acute and late ≥G3 toxicity.