Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences , University of Toronto Scarborough , Toronto , Ontario M1C 1A4 , Canada.
ARC Arnot Research & Consulting , Toronto , Ontario M4M-1W4 , Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Oct 1;53(19):11276-11284. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02036. Epub 2019 Sep 20.
Humans are exposed to organic chemicals released to indoor air through near-field exposure routes such as air inhalation and nondietary dust ingestion as well as far-field exposure routes such as consumption of food. Here, we explore the relative importance of near- and far-field exposure routes and its variability between chemicals, age groups, and subpopulations, by modeling aggregate human exposure to indoor-released chemicals with diverse partitioning behavior and degradability. Our model results indicate that if chemicals are assumed to be perfectly persistent, dietary and nondietary ingestion dominates human exposure to hydrophobic chemicals of relatively low volatility (with an octanol-air partition coefficient > 10 and an octanol-water partition coefficient < 10), whereas inhalation of indoor air dominates human exposure to volatile chemicals. Other exposure routes, for example, dermal absorption and drinking water, make a relatively small contribution to human exposure. Reduced chemical persistence in environmental media and biota lowers the contribution of dietary ingestion. For most chemicals other than those with a between 10 and 10 and a between 10 and 10 (e.g., polybrominated diphenyl ethers), the relative importance of near- and far-field exposure routes is primarily governed by chemical partitioning and degradability rather than age- and population-dependent human exposure factors.
人类通过近场暴露途径（如吸入空气和非饮食性灰尘摄入）以及远场暴露途径（如食用食物）接触到释放到室内空气中的有机化学物质。在这里，我们通过对具有不同分配行为和降解性的室内释放化学物质进行综合建模，探讨了近场和远场暴露途径的相对重要性及其在化学物质、年龄组和亚人群之间的可变性。我们的模型结果表明，如果假设化学物质具有完全持久性，则饮食和非饮食性摄入将主导人类对疏水性化学物质（挥发性相对较低，具有> 10 的辛醇-空气分配系数和< 10 的辛醇-水分配系数）的暴露，而吸入室内空气则主导人类对挥发性化学物质的暴露。其他暴露途径，例如皮肤吸收和饮用水，对人体暴露的贡献相对较小。环境介质和生物群中化学物质的持久性降低会降低饮食摄入的贡献。对于除那些具有 10 到 10 之间和 10 到 10 之间的 （例如多溴联苯醚）之外的大多数化学物质，近场和远场暴露途径的相对重要性主要由化学物质的分配和降解性决定，而不是年龄和人口相关的人类暴露因素。
