Avigliano Esteban, Rosso Juan Jose, Lijtmaer Dario, Ondarza Paola, Piacentini Luis, Izquierdo Matías, Cirigliano Adriana, Romano Gonzalo, Nuñez Bustos Ezequiel, Porta Andres, Mabragaña Ezequiel, Grassi Emanuel, Palermo Jorge, Bukowski Belen, Tubaro Pablo, Schenone Nahuel
Centro de Investigaciones Antonia Ramos (CIAR), Fundación Bosques Nativos Argentinos, Camino Balneario s/n, Villa Bonita, Misiones, Argentina.
Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA-CONICET-UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Heliyon. 2019 Aug 27;5(8):e02292. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02292. eCollection 2019 Aug.
Along many decades, protected environments were targeted by the scientific community for ecological research and for the collection of scientific information related to environmental aspects and biodiversity. However, most of the territory in hotspot regions with weak or even non legal protection has been left aside. These non-protected areas (NPA) could host high biodiversity values. This paper addresses how scientific effort on a NPA (CIAR) of 700 ha from the Atlantic Rain Forest, generates new information and tools for large-scale environmental and biodiversity management in NPAs. Information published during the last decade was summarized and complemented with subsequent novel data about biodiversity (new species, first records, DNA and chemical analyses, etc.). The results showed: 1 new genus (arachnid), 6 new species and several putative new species (fish and arthropod), 6 vulnerable species (bird and mammal) and 36 first records for Argentina (fish, arthropod, platyhelminth and fungi). When compared with protected natural areas of the same biome, the CIAR showed highly valuable aspects for fauna and environment conservation, positioning this NPA as a worldwide hotspot for some taxa. Indeed, when compared to international hotspots in a coordinated Malaise trap program, the CIAR showed 8,651 different barcode index numbers (∼species) of arthropods, 80% of which had not been previously barcoded. Molecules like Inoscavin A, with antifungal activity against phytopathogens, was isolated for the first time in fungi. The study of major threats derived from anthropic activities measured 20 trace elements, 18 pesticides (i.e. endosulfans, chlorpyrifos, DDTs, HCHs) and 27 pharmaceuticals and drugs (i.e. benzoylecgonine and norfluoxetine) in different biotic and abiotic matrices (water, sediment, fish and air biomonitors). This integrated data analysis shows that biodiversity research in NPA is being undervalued and how multidisciplinary and multi-taxa surveys creates a new arena for research and a pathway towards sustainable development in emerging countries with biodiversity hotspots.
几十年来，受保护的环境一直是科学界进行生态研究以及收集与环境方面和生物多样性相关科学信息的目标。然而，热点地区中大部分保护薄弱甚至没有法律保护的区域却被忽视了。这些非保护区（NPA）可能拥有很高的生物多样性价值。本文探讨了对一片来自大西洋雨林的700公顷非保护区（CIAR）开展的科学研究，如何为非保护区的大规模环境和生物多样性管理生成新信息和工具。总结了过去十年间发表的信息，并补充了后续有关生物多样性的新数据（新物种、首次记录、DNA和化学分析等）。结果显示：1个新属（蛛形纲动物）、6个新物种以及几个假定的新物种（鱼类和节肢动物）、6个易危物种（鸟类和哺乳动物）以及阿根廷的36个首次记录（鱼类、节肢动物、扁形虫和真菌）。与同一生物群落的受保护自然区域相比，CIAR在动物保护和环境保护方面展现出极具价值的方面，使这片非保护区成为某些分类群的全球热点地区。事实上，在一项协调开展的马氏网诱捕计划中，与国际热点地区相比，CIAR显示出8651个不同的节肢动物条形码索引编号（约物种数），其中80%此前未进行过条形码编码。首次在真菌中分离出具有抗植物病原体真菌活性的分子Inoscavin A。对源自人类活动的主要威胁的研究，在不同生物和非生物基质（水、沉积物、鱼类和空气生物监测器）中检测了20种微量元素、18种农药（如硫丹、毒死蜱、滴滴涕、六六六）以及27种药品和药物（如苯甲酰爱康宁和去甲氟西汀）。这种综合数据分析表明，非保护区的生物多样性研究一直未得到重视，以及多学科和多分类群调查如何为新兴的生物多样性热点国家创造了一个新的研究领域和一条通往可持续发展的途径。
