Oregon State University, School of Psychological Science, Reed Lodge, 2950 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
Oregon State University, School of Psychological Science, Reed Lodge, 2950 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
Hum Mov Sci. 2019 Oct;67:102515. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.102515. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
A substantial body of research has examined the speed-accuracy tradeoff captured by Fitts' law, demonstrating increases in movement time that occur as aiming tasks are made more difficult by decreasing target width and/or increasing the distance between targets. Yet, serial aiming movements guided by internal spatial representations, rather than by visual views of targets have not been examined in this manner, and the value of confirmatory feedback via different sensory modalities within this paradigm is unknown. Here we examined goal-directed serial aiming movements (tapping back and forth between two targets), wherein targets were visually unavailable during the task. However, confirmatory feedback (auditory, haptic, visual, and bimodal combinations of each) was delivered upon each target acquisition, in a counterbalanced, within-subjects design. Each participant performed the aiming task with their pointer finger, represented within an immersive virtual environment as a 1 cm white sphere, while wearing a head-mounted display. Despite visual target occlusion, movement times increased in accordance with Fitts' law. Though Fitts' law captured performance for each of the sensory feedback conditions, the slopes differed. The effect of increasing difficulty on movement times was least influential in the haptic condition, suggesting more efficient processing of confirmatory haptic feedback during aiming movements guided by internal spatial representations.
大量研究考察了菲茨定律所捕捉到的速度-准确性权衡，这些研究表明，当目标宽度减小和/或目标之间的距离增加，使得瞄准任务变得更加困难时，运动时间会增加。然而，以内部空间表示而不是通过视觉观察目标来引导的连续瞄准运动尚未以这种方式进行检查，并且在这种范式中，通过不同感觉模态提供确认反馈的价值是未知的。在这里，我们检查了目标导向的连续瞄准运动（在两个目标之间来回敲击），其中在任务期间目标不可见。然而，在每个目标获取时，以平衡、被试内的设计提供确认反馈（听觉、触觉、视觉以及每种感觉模态的组合）。每个参与者都用他们的食指在沉浸式虚拟环境中执行瞄准任务，食指表示为 1 厘米的白色球体，同时佩戴头戴式显示器。尽管视觉目标被遮挡，运动时间仍按照菲茨定律增加。尽管菲茨定律捕获了每种感觉反馈条件下的性能，但斜率不同。在触觉条件下，增加难度对运动时间的影响最小，这表明在内部空间表示引导的瞄准运动中，确认触觉反馈的处理效率更高。
