Histone Modifications as Biomarkers for Immunotherapy.

Recent advances in immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of certain cancers. Some patients show a durable response to these immunotherapies, while others show little benefit or develop resistance. Identification of biomarkers to predict responsiveness will be helpful for informing treatment strategies; and would furthermore lead to the identification of molecular pathways dysregulated in nonresponding patients that could be targeted for therapeutic development. Pathways of epigenetic modification, such as histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), have been shown to be dysregulated in certain cancer and immune cells. Histones are abundant cellular proteins readily assayed with high-throughput technologies, making them attractive targets as biomarkers. We explore promising advancements for using histone PTMs as immunotherapy responsiveness biomarkers in both cancer and immune cells, and provide a methodological workflow for assaying histone PTMs in relevant samples.