College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Nov 30;184:109608. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109608. Epub 2019 Sep 8.
Typical thermal processes are common sources of polychlorinated, polybrominated and mixed polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs, and PBCDD/Fs); however, very few reports have investigated their coemission. To clarify the emission characteristics of these DD/Fs, two municipal waste incinerators (MWIs), three hazardous waste incinerators (HWIs), one cement kiln coprocessing municipal waste incinerator (CMWI), one secondary copper smelter (SCu), and one iron and steel sintering smelter (ISS) in China were investigated. In total, 17 congeners of PCDD/Fs, 14 congeners of PBDD/Fs, and 12 congeners of PBCDDs in stack flue gases from these thermal processes were analyzed using a high-resolution gas chromatograph/high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS) in this study. PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs and PBCDD/Fs were detectable in all samples, with total concentrations of 911-5.15 × 10 pg/Nm (80.2-414 pg TEQ/Nm). The concentrations of each DD/F were similar within the same type of facility and varied among different types of facilities. The contributions of PBDD/Fs and PBCDD/Fs to the total concentrations exceeded that of PCDD/Fs in some cases, such as in HWIs and SCu. In general, the ∑Cl CDFs and ∑Cl CDDs, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF, and 1-B-2,3,7,8-TeCDD and 2-B-1,3,7,8-TeCDD were the dominant congeners in the PCDD/F, PBDD/F, and PBCDD/F mass concentrations, respectively. Several other congeners present at low mass concentrations, such as 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxBDF, have potential as major contributors to the TEQs due to their high toxic equivalency factors. These results reveal the necessity of synergistically inhibiting the occurrences of PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs, and PBCDD/Fs from these sources and provide valuable information for use in the source identification of these pollutants in the environment.
典型的热过程是多氯、多溴和混合多溴氯二苯并二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs、PBDD/Fs 和 PBCDD/Fs）的常见来源；然而，很少有报道研究它们的共同排放。为了阐明这些 DD/Fs 的排放特征，本研究对中国的两个城市垃圾焚烧炉（MWI）、三个危险废物焚烧炉（HWI）、一个水泥窑协同处置城市垃圾焚烧炉（CMWI）、一个二级铜冶炼厂（SCu）和一个钢铁烧结冶炼厂（ISS）进行了调查。在这项研究中，使用高分辨率气相色谱/高分辨率质谱仪（HRGC/HRMS）分析了来自这些热过程的烟道气中 17 种 PCDD/Fs、14 种 PBDD/Fs 和 12 种 PBCDDs 同系物。在所有样品中均检测到 PCDD/Fs、PBDD/Fs 和 PBCDD/Fs，总浓度为 911-5.15×10 pg/Nm（80.2-414 pg TEQ/Nm）。同种类型设施内各 DD/F 的浓度相似，而不同类型设施之间的浓度有所不同。在某些情况下，如在 HWI 和 SCu 中，PBDD/Fs 和 PBCDD/Fs 的总浓度贡献超过了 PCDD/Fs。一般来说，∑Cl CDFs 和 ∑Cl CDDs、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF、1-B-2,3,7,8-TeCDD 和 2-B-1,3,7,8-TeCDD 是 PCDD/F、PBDD/F 和 PBCDD/F 质量浓度中占主导地位的同系物。其他一些低质量浓度的同系物，如 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxBDF，由于其具有较高的毒性当量因子，因此可能成为 TEQs 的主要贡献者。这些结果表明，有必要协同抑制这些来源的 PCDD/Fs、PBDD/Fs 和 PBCDD/Fs 的产生，并为环境中这些污染物的源识别提供有价值的信息。
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