Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campus São Vicente, Centro de Referência de Jaciara, Jaciara, MT, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2019 Sep 5;52:e20180526. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0526-2018.
Crotalus envenomations cause serious complications and can be fatal without appropriate treatment. Venom isoforms present and inter/intraspecific variations in the venom composition can result in different symptoms presented by bites by snakes from the same species but from different geographical regions. We comparatively evaluated the local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt), C.d. collilineatus (Cdcolli), and C.d. cascavella (Cdcasc) envenomation.
Venom chromatography was performed. Proteolytic, phospholipase, and LAAO activities were analyzed. Edema, myotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and coagulation alterations were evaluated.
The venom SDS-PAGE analyses found the presence of convulxin, gyroxin, crotoxin, and crotamine in Cdt and Cdcolli venoms. Crotamine was not present in the Cdcasc venom. Cdt, Cdcollli, and Cdcasc venoms had no proteolytic activity. Only Cdcasc and Cdt venoms had phospholipase activity. LAAO activity was observed in Cdcolli and Cdcasc venoms. Cdcolli and Cdcasc venoms caused 36.7% and 13.3% edema increases, respectively. Cdt venom caused a 10% edema induction compared to those by other venoms. All venoms increased TOTAL-CK, MB-CK, and LDH levels (indicating muscle injury) and ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP levels (markers of liver damage) and were able to induce a neuromuscular blockade. Urea and creatinine levels were also altered in both plasma and urine, indicating kidney damage. Only Cdcolli and Cdcasc venoms increased TAPP and TAP.
Together, these results allow us to draw a distinction between local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus subspecies, highlighting the clinical and biochemical effects produced by their respective venoms.
响尾蛇属蛇毒会引起严重的并发症，如果不进行适当的治疗，甚至可能致命。来自同一物种但来自不同地理区域的蛇咬伤，由于毒液的同工型存在以及毒液成分的种间/种内变异，可能会导致不同的症状。我们比较评估了 Crotalus durissus terrificus（Cdt）、C.d. collilineatus（Cdcolli）和 C.d. cascavella（Cdcasc）毒液引起的局部和全身效应。
进行了毒液色谱分析。分析了蛋白水解酶、磷脂酶和 LAAO 活性。评估了水肿、肌毒性、肝毒性、肾毒性和凝血改变。
SDS-PAGE 分析发现 Cdt 和 Cdcolli 毒液中存在 convulxin、gyroxin、crotoxin 和 crotamine。Cdcasc 毒液中不存在 crotamine。Cdt、Cdcollli 和 Cdcasc 毒液没有蛋白水解酶活性。只有 Cdcasc 和 Cdt 毒液具有磷脂酶活性。仅在 Cdcolli 和 Cdcasc 毒液中观察到 LAAO 活性。Cdcolli 和 Cdcasc 毒液分别导致 36.7%和 13.3%的水肿增加。与其他毒液相比，Cdt 毒液引起的水肿诱导增加了 10%。所有毒液均增加了 TOTAL-CK、MB-CK 和 LDH 水平（表明肌肉损伤）以及 ALT、AST、GGT 和 ALP 水平（肝损伤标志物），并能够引起神经肌肉阻滞。血浆和尿液中的尿素和肌酐水平也发生了变化，表明肾脏受损。只有 Cdcolli 和 Cdcasc 毒液增加了 TAPP 和 TAP。
这些结果使我们能够区分响尾蛇亚种引起的局部和全身效应，突出了它们各自毒液产生的临床和生化效应。
