Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua (AMAYA), Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.
Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.
Vet Microbiol. 2019 Oct;237:108361. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.07.013. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a highly infectious disease in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), caused by a virus belonging to the genus Lagovirus (RHDV; family Caliciviridae). In 2010, a new genotype of RHDV (RHDV2 or RHDVb, currently designated GI.2) emerged in France, affecting both domestic rabbits, even those vaccinated for the classical RHDV genotypes (currently designated GI.1) and wild rabbits. GI.2 was subsequently identified in other European countries. The aim of the present study was to monitor the GI.2 epidemic in wild rabbits in Andalusia (southern Spain) during the period 2013-2017. At the beginning of summer 2013, high mortalities were detected in wild rabbit populations in southern Spain. A total of 96 affected hunting or protected areas were surveyed. The first outbreak was observed on June 2013. The number of outbreaks sharply increased in 2013 and 2014, with a decreasing trend being observed during the following years. The spatial distribution of GI.2 was not homogeneous, since most of the detected outbreaks were concentrated in the western part of Andalusia. The outbreaks peaked in winter and spring and have been detected in the last five consecutive years, which suggests endemic circulation of GI.2 in wild rabbit populations in Spain. A total of 190 dead rabbits from 87 of the 96 areas surveyed were collected during the study period. Mortality affected rabbits of different age classes, including kittens. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of GI.2 RNA in the livers of 185 of the 190 (97.4%) rabbits. Phylogenetic analysis performed on eleven samples collected in different provinces of Andalusia between 2013 and 2017, showed high nucleotide identity with GI.2 strains Spain, France and Portugal. The results constitute an important step in understanding of the emergence and spread of GI.2 in this country and will provide valuable information for the development of surveillance programs in Europe.
兔出血症（RHD）是一种高度传染性疾病，发生于欧洲兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus），由属于杯状病毒科（Caliciviridae）的兔病毒属（Lagovirus）病毒引起。2010 年，一种新的 RHDV 基因型（RHDV2 或 RHDVb，目前指定为 GI.2）在法国出现，影响了家养兔，甚至是那些针对经典 RHDV 基因型（目前指定为 GI.1）接种过疫苗的家养兔和野生兔。随后在其他欧洲国家也发现了 GI.2。本研究旨在监测 2013-2017 年期间安达卢西亚（西班牙南部）野生兔中的 GI.2 流行情况。2013 年夏初，在西班牙南部的野生兔种群中检测到高死亡率。共调查了 96 个受影响的狩猎或保护区。首次暴发发生于 2013 年 6 月。2013 年和 2014 年暴发数量急剧增加，随后几年呈下降趋势。GI.2 的空间分布不均匀，因为大多数检测到的暴发集中在安达卢西亚的西部。暴发高峰期在冬季和春季，且在过去的五年中都有检测到，这表明 GI.2 在西班牙的野生兔种群中存在地方性循环。在研究期间，从 96 个调查区域中的 87 个区域共收集了 190 只死亡兔子。死亡率影响了不同年龄阶段的兔子，包括幼兔。RT-PCR 确认在 190 只（97.4%）兔子的肝脏中存在 GI.2 RNA。对 2013 年至 2017 年在安达卢西亚不同省份采集的 11 个样本进行的系统进化分析显示，其核苷酸与西班牙、法国和葡萄牙的 GI.2 株具有高度同源性。这些结果是了解 GI.2 在该国出现和传播的重要一步，将为欧洲的监测计划提供有价值的信息。
