CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
J Virol. 2018 Jan 2;92(2). doi: 10.1128/JVI.01374-17. Print 2018 Jan 15.
(RHDV2; GI.2) is a pathogenic calicivirus that affects European rabbits () and various hare () species. GI.2 was first detected in France in 2010 and subsequently caused epidemics in wild and domestic lagomorph populations throughout Europe. In May 2015, GI.2 was detected in Australia. Within 18 months of its initial detection, GI.2 had spread to all Australian states and territories and rapidly became the dominant circulating strain, replacing (RHDV/GI.1) in mainland Australia. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of 127 Australian GI.2 isolates revealed that the virus arrived in Australia at least several months before its initial description and likely circulated unnoticed in wild rabbit populations in the east of the continent prior to its detection. GI.2 sequences isolated from five hares clustered with sequences from sympatric rabbit populations sampled contemporaneously, indicating multiple spillover events into hares rather than an adaptation of the Australian GI.2 to a new host. Since the presence of GI.2 in Australia may have wide-ranging consequences for rabbit biocontrol, particularly with the release of the novel biocontrol agent GI.1a/RHDVa-K5 in March 2017, ongoing surveillance is critical to understanding the interactions of the various lagoviruses in Australia and their impact on host populations. This study describes the spread and distribution of (GI.2) in Australia since its first detection in May 2015. Within the first 18 months following its detection, RHDV2 spread from east to west across the continent and became the dominant strain in all mainland states of Australia. This has important implications for pest animal management and for owners of pet and farmed rabbits, as there currently is no effective vaccine available in Australia for GI.2. The closely related RHDV (GI.1) is used to control overabundant wild rabbits, a serious environmental and agricultural pest in this country, and it is currently unclear how the widespread circulation of GI.2 will impact ongoing targeted wild rabbit management operations.
(RHDV2; GI.2) 是一种致病性杯状病毒，可感染欧洲兔和各种野兔。GI.2 于 2010 年在法国首次被发现，随后在整个欧洲的野生和家养兔种群中引发了疫情。2015 年 5 月，GI.2 在澳大利亚被检测到。在其最初被发现后的 18 个月内，GI.2 已传播到澳大利亚所有州和地区，并迅速成为主要的循环株，取代了澳大利亚大陆的 (RHDV/GI.1)。对 127 个澳大利亚 GI.2 分离株的进化史重建表明，该病毒至少在其最初描述前几个月就已到达澳大利亚，并且在其被检测到之前，可能在该大陆东部的野生兔群中未被注意到地传播。从 5 只野兔中分离出的 GI.2 序列与同期采样的同种兔群的序列聚类，表明有多次溢出到野兔中，而不是澳大利亚 GI.2 适应了新宿主。由于 GI.2 在澳大利亚的存在可能对兔类生物控制产生广泛影响，特别是 2017 年 3 月新型生物控制剂 GI.1a/RHDVa-K5 的释放，因此持续监测对于了解澳大利亚各种长尾病毒的相互作用及其对宿主种群的影响至关重要。本研究描述了自 2015 年 5 月首次发现以来，GI.2 在澳大利亚的传播和分布情况。在其被发现后的头 18 个月内，RHDV2 从东向西传播穿过整个大陆，并成为澳大利亚所有大陆州的主要菌株。这对有害动物管理以及宠物和农场饲养兔的所有者具有重要意义，因为目前澳大利亚没有针对 GI.2 的有效疫苗。密切相关的 RHDV (GI.1) 用于控制过度繁殖的野生兔，这是该国严重的环境和农业害虫，目前尚不清楚 GI.2 的广泛传播将如何影响正在进行的有针对性的野生兔管理行动。
