Heterogeneous nonataxic phenotypes of spinocerebellar ataxia in a Taiwanese population.

BACKGROUND

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) presents with variable clinical presentations in addition to ataxia. The aim of this study was to reappraise the diverse nonataxic clinical characteristics of the five most common SCA subtypes in the Asian population.

METHODS

The clinical presentations of 90 patients with genetically confirmed SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, or SCA17 were assessed retrospectively between November 2008 and September 2018 at a tertiary referral center in Taiwan.

RESULTS

Parkinsonism was the most common nonataxic phenotype (21.1%), with a greater prevalence than Caucasian and other Asian SCA carriers. Patients with parkinsonism feature had fewer CAG repeats in SCA2 (31.0 ± 4.5 vs. 36.9 ± 6.0, p = .03) and SCA3 (65.6 ± 7.9 vs. 70.0 ± 4.2, p = .02) compared to those with pure ataxia presentation. The average age of symptom onset was significantly higher in the parkinsonism group of SCA2 (51.5 ± 8.9 vs. 35.3 ± 12.6 years, p = .007) than those with pure ataxia. Focal or segmental dystonia was identified in 4.4% of SCA patients (n = 2 each SCA2 and SCA3). Nonmotor symptoms, including impaired cognition (6.1% of SCA2 and 8.3% of SCA3 patients) and depression (9.1% of SCA2 and 8.3% of SCA3 patients), were also common nonataxic features in our SCA patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Parkinsonism, dystonia, and cognitive-psychiatric symptoms are common features in patients with SCA mutations in our population. Our study identifies a different clinical spectrum of SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, and SCA17 compared to Caucasians.