高摄入量的游离糖、果糖和蔗糖与日本男性的体重增加有关。

High Intake of Free Sugars, Fructose, and Sucrose Is Associated with Weight Gain in Japanese Men.

机构信息

Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.

Department of Human Nutrition, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Aichi, Japan.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2020 Feb 1;150(2):322-330. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz227.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxz227

PMID:31532489

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Available evidence for associations between sugar intake and body weight is largely from short-term controlled trials and studies focusing on sugar-sweetened beverages. Studies on long-term weight change related to the intake of types of sugar are thus needed.

OBJECTIVE

We examined the associations between weight change and the intake of various types of carbohydrates, including starch, total sugars, and free or naturally occurring sugars and saccharides (i.e., glucose, fructose, sucrose, and lactose), among Japanese men and women.

METHODS

This prospective cohort study included 14,971 residents of Takayama City in Japan who were aged 35-69 y at the first survey in 1992 and responded to a self-administrated questionnaire at the second survey in 2002. We excluded those with cancer, coronary artery disease, stroke, or diabetes on the first survey and those with missing information about body weight on both surveys, leaving 13,229 participants for analysis (5879 men and 7350 women). Mean (95% CI) values of 10-y weight change according to types of carbohydrates were estimated using linear regression models with adjustment for total energy intake and other dietary and lifestyle factors. Dietary intake was assessed at the first survey using a validated FFQ.

RESULTS

Among men, free sugar intake was associated with weight gain and the estimated means (95% CIs) of weight change were -0.60 (-0.67, -0.54), -0.31 (-0.38, -0.24), -0.12 (-0.19, -0.05), and 0.20 (0.13, 0.27) kg from the first to fourth quartiles (P-trend = 0.002). Moreover, high intakes of sucrose and fructose were associated with weight gain (P-trend: 0.018 for sucrose and 0.001 for fructose). Among women, the intake of any type of carbohydrate was not significantly associated with weight change.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggested that high intakes of free sugars, sucrose, and fructose were associated with long-term weight gain among Japanese men.

摘要

背景

关于糖摄入量与体重之间关联的现有证据主要来自短期对照试验和侧重于含糖饮料的研究。因此，需要研究与各种类型糖的摄入量相关的长期体重变化。

目的

我们研究了日本男性和女性体重变化与各种碳水化合物摄入之间的关联，包括淀粉、总糖以及游离糖或天然存在的糖和糖（即葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和乳糖）。

方法

本前瞻性队列研究纳入了日本高山市的 14971 名年龄在 35-69 岁的居民，他们在 1992 年第一次调查时填写了自填式问卷，并且在 2002 年第二次调查时再次应答。我们排除了在第一次调查中患有癌症、冠心病、中风或糖尿病且在两次调查中均缺失体重信息的人群，最终有 13229 人纳入分析（5879 名男性和 7350 名女性）。采用线性回归模型，根据碳水化合物的类型，在调整总能量摄入和其他饮食及生活方式因素后，估计 10 年体重变化的平均值（95%CI）。饮食摄入量在第一次调查时通过验证后的 FFQ 进行评估。

结果

在男性中，游离糖摄入量与体重增加相关，体重变化的估计平均值（95%CI）从第一四分位数到第四四分位数依次为-0.60（-0.67，-0.54）、-0.31（-0.38，-0.24）、-0.12（-0.19，-0.05）和 0.20（0.13，0.27）kg（趋势 P 值=0.002）。此外，蔗糖和果糖的高摄入量与体重增加相关（趋势 P 值：蔗糖为 0.018，果糖为 0.001）。在女性中，任何类型碳水化合物的摄入量与体重变化均无显著相关性。