Heath L, Kruttschnitt C, Ward D
Dept. of Psychology, Loyola University of Chicago.
Violence Vict. 1986 Fall;1(3):177-90.
This study builds on the research concerning television viewing and aggression by extending the external validity, or generalizability, of the dependent variable. We assess the relationship between self-reported television viewing at 8, 10, and 12 years of age and the subsequent commission of a violent criminal act. This study is based on interview data from 48 males incarcerated for violent crimes and 45 nonincarcerated, nonviolent males matched on age, race, and neighborhood of residence during adolescence. Results show that the extent of a respondent's reported television viewing was not, in and of itself, predictive of violent criminal acts. Instead, it was the interaction of heavy doses of television viewing and exposure to either maternal or paternal abuse that related to violent crime. These findings support the efforts of some recent scholars in their attempts to understand why television has a negative effect on only some viewers. The results are discussed in light of the cognitive formulations of neoassociationism, encoding specificity, and the double-dose effect.
本研究通过扩展因变量的外部效度或普遍性，在有关电视观看与攻击性的研究基础上展开。我们评估了8岁、10岁和12岁时自我报告的电视观看情况与随后实施暴力犯罪行为之间的关系。本研究基于对48名因暴力犯罪而被监禁的男性以及45名在青少年时期年龄、种族和居住社区相匹配的未被监禁的非暴力男性的访谈数据。结果表明，受访者报告的电视观看程度本身并不能预测暴力犯罪行为。相反，大量观看电视与遭受母亲或父亲虐待之间的相互作用与暴力犯罪有关。这些发现支持了最近一些学者试图理解为什么电视仅对部分观众有负面影响的努力。研究结果根据新联想主义、编码特异性和双剂量效应的认知理论进行了讨论。
