Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2020 Feb;240:124827. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124827. Epub 2019 Sep 12.
An outdoor macrocosm experiment using Fe-based and organic amendments over 2 years was set up to evaluate the effectiveness of aided-phytostabilisation. For that, a soil contaminated with As- and Cu-rich waste material (∼13000 mg As kg and ∼500 mg Cu kg) was treated with combinations of iron sulphate (Fe) with lime, paper mill sludge (PS), holm-oak biochar (BC), olive mill waste compost (OMWC) or green waste compost (GWC). Rye (Secale cereale L.) was grown in the treated and non-treated soils 16 months after addition of the amendments. Arsenic and Cu dynamics in soil were assessed throughout the experiment and soil quality parameters (soil nutrients, organic matter and soil biology) were measured almost two years after addition of the amendments. All treatments resulted in a reduction of soluble and extractable Cu during the experiment and, despite the increase in soil pH (from 5 to 68) and DOC (from 10 up to 50 mg DOC L) provoked by the amendments, As was not significantly mobilised in the treated soils. Treatments combining Fe sulphate with the organic materials, especially biochar and both composts, resulted in an increase in soil available nutrients and enhanced rye growth. In this semi-field scale experiment, the combination of Fe sulphate with holm-oak biochar showed the most promising results in terms of soil fertility (nutrient availability), plant As and Cu uptake and soil C sequestration. Further research should focus on monitoring long-term effects of the soil amendments on crops, following repeated applications.
一项为期两年的户外宏观实验使用了铁基和有机改良剂来评估辅助植物稳定化的效果。为此，用硫酸铁（Fe）与石灰、造纸厂污泥（PS）、油橄榄生物炭（BC）、橄榄厂废物堆肥（OMWC）或绿色废物堆肥（GWC）的组合处理了一种含有砷和铜丰富废物材料（约 13000 mg As kg 和约 500 mg Cu kg）污染的土壤。在添加改良剂 16 个月后，在处理过和未处理过的土壤中种植了黑麦（Secale cereale L.）。在整个实验过程中评估了土壤中砷和铜的动态变化，并在添加改良剂近两年后测量了土壤质量参数（土壤养分、有机质和土壤生物学）。所有处理均导致实验过程中可溶性和可提取铜的减少，尽管改良剂引起了土壤 pH 值（从 5 增加到 68）和 DOC（从 10 增加到 50 mg DOC L）的增加，但处理过的土壤中砷并未显著活化。将硫酸铁与有机材料（特别是生物炭和两种堆肥）结合的处理导致土壤有效养分增加，并促进了黑麦的生长。在这个半田间规模的实验中，硫酸铁与油橄榄生物炭的组合在土壤肥力（养分有效性）、植物砷和铜吸收以及土壤碳固存方面显示出最有前途的结果。进一步的研究应集中于监测土壤改良剂对作物的长期影响，以及重复应用后的效果。
