脑性视觉障碍是 3 岁以下儿童重度视力损害的主要原因：来自印度南部三级眼科保健中心的一项研究。
Cerebral visual impairment is a major cause of profound visual impairment in children aged less than 3 years: A study from tertiary eye care center in South India.
机构信息
Head, The David Brown Children's Eye Care Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kode Venkatadri Chowdary Campus, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Low Vision Optometrist, Institute for Vision Rehabilitation, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kode Venkatadri Chowdary Campus, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
出版信息
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019 Oct;67(10):1544-1547. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1850_18.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate causes for profound visual impairment in children ≤3 years of age at a tertiary eye care center in Andhra Pradesh, India.
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted for all the children (≤3 years) who attended the pediatric ophthalmology service between January 2012 and February 2017.
RESULTS
A total of 428 severely visually impaired children aged ≤3 years were seen during the study period: 264 (62%) of them were boys and I64 (38%) were girls. The average age at presentation was 14.02 months. The causes of visual impairment were cerebral visual impairment (CVI) 142 (33%), a combination of CVI and ocular visual impairment (OVI) 48 (11%), and OVI only 236 (56%), which included congenital cataract 56 (13.1%), retinopathy of prematurity 52 (I2.6%), optic atrophy 17 (4.5%), congenital nystagmus (4.4%), congenital globe anomalies 2I (5.2%), and high refractive errors - 10 (2.8%). Delays in different areas of development were seen in 103 out of 142 children with CVI (72.5%), which included motor delay 53 (51.5%), cognitive delay 15 (14.6%), speech delay in 3 (2.9%), and delay in multiple areas of development (like combination of motor, cognitive, and speech delay) in 32 (31.1%).
CONCLUSION
In children under 3 years of age, CVI is a major cause of profound visual impairment in our area and the majority of them manifest delay in several areas of development.
目的
本研究旨在评估印度安得拉邦一家三级眼科护理中心≤3 岁儿童重度视力损害的原因。
方法
对 2012 年 1 月至 2017 年 2 月期间在小儿眼科就诊的所有≤3 岁儿童（≤3 岁）进行回顾性研究。
结果
在研究期间，共发现 428 名≤3 岁的严重视力受损儿童：264 名（62%）为男孩，164 名（38%）为女孩。就诊时的平均年龄为 14.02 个月。视力损害的原因是脑性视觉障碍（CVI）142 例（33%），CVI 和眼部视觉障碍（OVI）并存 48 例（11%），单纯 OVI 236 例（56%），其中包括先天性白内障 56 例（13.1%），早产儿视网膜病变 52 例（12.6%），视神经萎缩 17 例（4.5%），先天性眼球震颤 44 例（11.1%），先天性眼球异常 21 例（5.2%）和高度屈光不正-10 例（2.8%）。142 例 CVI 患儿中有 103 例（72.5%）出现不同领域发育迟缓，包括运动发育迟缓 53 例（51.5%），认知发育迟缓 15 例（14.6%），语言发育迟缓 3 例（2.9%），以及多个领域发育迟缓（如运动、认知和语言发育迟缓相结合）32 例（31.1%）。
结论
在 3 岁以下儿童中，CVI 是本地区重度视力损害的主要原因，其中大多数儿童表现出多个领域的发育迟缓。
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