Department of Human Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe (Murcia), Spain 30107.
Department of Human Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe (Murcia), Spain 30107.
J Dairy Sci. 2019 Dec;102(12):10711-10723. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16596. Epub 2019 Sep 20.
The objective of this work was to obtain casein hydrolysates with aspartic proteinases present in extracts from the artichoke flower (Cynara scolymus L.) and evaluate their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in vitro. The casein hydrolysates produced by the action of C. scolymus had elevated antihypertensive and antioxidant activity due to their high hydrophobic peptide content (93.84, 96.58, and 90.54% at 2, 4, and 16 h of hydrolysis, respectively). Hydrolysis time and molecular weight (<3 kDa) had a significant influence on the hypertensive and antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates, which were greater at hydrolysis times of 4 and 16 h and corresponding to the <3 kDa fractions. The <3 kDa fraction of the 16 h hydrolysate had an ACE inhibitory activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of 71.77 µg peptides per mL; DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of 6.27 µM and 6.21 mM Trolox equivalents per mg of peptides, respectively; and iron (II) chelation activity with an IC of 221.49 µg of peptides per mL. Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis was also observed in the hydrolysates. From the peptide sequences identified in the hydrolysates, we detected 22 peptides (from the BIOPEP database) that were already in their bioactive form (AMKPWIQPK, AMKPWIQPKTKVIPYVRYL, ARHPHPHLSFM, DAQSAPLRVY, FFVAPFPEVFGK, GPVRGPFPII, KVLPVPQK, LLYQEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV, MAIPPKKNQDK, NLHLPLPLL, PAAVRSPAQILQ, RELEELNVPGEIVESLSSSEESITR, RPKHPIKHQ, RPKHPIKHQGLPQEVLNENLLRF, SDIPNPIGSENSEK, TPVVVPPFLQP, VENLHLPLPLL, VKEAMAPK, VLNENLLR, VYPFPGPIH, VYQHQKAMKPWIQPKTKVIPYVRY, VYQHQKAMKPWIQPKTKVIPYVRYL) and are reported to display antioxidant, antimicrobial, and ACE inhibitory activity. We also identified 12,116, 14,513, and 25,169 peptide sequences in the hydrolysates at 2, 4, and 16 h, respectively, that were contained in the primary sequence, and these are reported to display ACE inhibitory, antioxidant, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition, antithrombotic, opioid, immunomodulation, antiamnesic, anticancer, chelating, and hemolytic bioactivity.
本研究旨在获得含有天门冬氨酸蛋白酶的乳清蛋白水解物，这些蛋白酶存在于朝鲜蓟花（Cynara scolymus L.）提取物中，并评估其体外抗氧化、抗菌和血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）抑制活性。由于乳清蛋白水解物中含有高疏水性肽（2、4 和 16 小时水解时分别为 93.84%、96.58%和 90.54%），因此具有升高的降压和抗氧化活性。水解时间和分子量（<3 kDa）对水解产物的降压和抗氧化活性有显著影响，在水解时间为 4 和 16 小时以及<3 kDa 级分时，这些活性更高。16 小时水解物的<3 kDa 级分具有 ACE 抑制活性，半最大抑制浓度（IC）为 71.77 µg 肽/mL；DPPH 和 ABTS 自由基清除活性分别为 6.27 µM 和 6.21 mM Trolox 当量/毫克肽；铁（II）螯合活性的 IC 为 221.49 µg 肽/mL。在水解物中还观察到对粪肠球菌的抗菌活性。从水解物中鉴定出的肽序列中，我们检测到 22 个肽（来自 BIOPEP 数据库）已经处于其生物活性形式（AMKPWIQPK、AMKPWIQPKTKVIPYVRYL、ARHPHPHLSFM、DAQSAPLRVY、FFVAPFPEVFGK、GPVRGPFPII、KVLPVPQK、LLYQEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV、MAIPPKKNQDK、NLHLPLPLL、PAAVRSPAQILQ、RELEELNVPGEIVESLSSSEESITR、RPKHPIKHQ、RPKHPIKHQGLPQEVLNENLLRF、SDIPNPIGSENSEK、TPVVVPPFLQP、VENLHLPLPLL、VKEAMAPK、VLNENLLR、VYPFPGPIH、VYQHQKAMKPWIQPKTKVIPYVRY、VYQHQKAMKPWIQPKTKVIPYVRYL），并被报道具有抗氧化、抗菌和 ACE 抑制活性。我们还分别在 2、4 和 16 小时的水解物中鉴定出 12116、14513 和 25169 个肽序列，这些序列存在于原始序列中，并且被报道具有 ACE 抑制、抗氧化、二肽基肽酶 IV 抑制、抗血栓、阿片类、免疫调节、抗健忘、抗癌、螯合和溶血的生物活性。
