Pereira-Ferrero Vanessa Helena, Lewis Theodore Gyle, Ferrero Luciane Graziele Pereira, Duarte Leonardo Tomazeli
School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
Center for Homeland Defense and Security, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, United States.
Front Physiol. 2019 Sep 3;10:1134. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01134. eCollection 2019.
This study aims to present complex network models which analyze professional swimmers of 50-m freestyle Olympic competitions, comparing characteristics and variables that are considered performance determinants. This comparative research includes Olympic medalists' versus non-medalists' behavior. Using data from 40 athletes with a mean age, weight and height of 26 ± 2.9 years, 87 ± 5.59 kg, 193 ± 3.85 cm, respectively, at the Olympics of 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016 (16-year interval), we built two types of complex networks (graphs) for each edition, using mathematical correlations, metrics and the spectral decomposition analysis. It is possible to show that complex metrics behave differently between medalists and non-medalists. The spectral radius (SR) proved to be an important form of evaluation since in all 5 editions it was higher among medalists (SR results: 3.75, 3.5, 3.39, 2.91, and 3.66) compared to non-medalists (2.18, 2.51, 2.23, 2.07, and 2.04), with significantly differences between. This study introduces a remarkable tool in the evaluation of the performance of groups of swimming athletes by complex networks, and is relevant to athletes, coaches, and even amateurs, regarding how individual variables relate to competition results and are reflected in the SR for the best performance. In addition, this is a general method and may, in the future, be developed in the analysis of other competitive sports.
本研究旨在提出复杂网络模型，该模型用于分析50米自由泳奥运比赛的专业游泳运动员，比较被视为成绩决定因素的特征和变量。这项比较研究包括奥运奖牌获得者与非奖牌获得者的行为。利用2000年、2004年、2008年、2012年和2016年奥运会（间隔16年）上40名运动员的数据，他们的平均年龄、体重和身高分别为26±2.9岁、87±5.59千克、193±3.85厘米，我们针对每个比赛年份构建了两种类型的复杂网络（图表），采用数学相关性、度量和谱分解分析。结果表明，奖牌获得者和非奖牌获得者的复杂度量表现不同。谱半径（SR）被证明是一种重要的评估形式，因为在所有5个比赛年份中，奖牌获得者的谱半径（SR结果：3.75、3.5、3.39、2.91和3.66）均高于非奖牌获得者（2.18、2.51、2.23、2.07和2.04），且两者之间存在显著差异。本研究引入了一种通过复杂网络评估游泳运动员群体表现的卓越工具，对于运动员、教练乃至业余爱好者而言，它关乎个体变量如何与比赛成绩相关联以及如何在谱半径中体现以实现最佳表现。此外，这是一种通用方法，未来可能会在其他竞技体育项目的分析中得到发展。
